Tứ phân cây là một cấu trúc dữ liệu hữu ích cho việc tìm các điểm gần một
bằng cách tìm kiếm bên trong một khu vực xung quanh địa điểm yêu thích.
Khi sử dụng sơ đồ 4 điểm, bạn có thể tìm kiếm hiệu quả các điểm trong phạm vi 2D,
trong đó những điểm đó được xác định là toạ độ vĩ độ/kinh độ hoặc toạ độ cartesian (x, y)
toạ độ. Bộ tứ này lưu trữ các nhóm toạ độ trong các nút và chỉ mục
chúng theo khu vực (hộp giới hạn). Để tìm một cặp toạ độ cho trước, bạn phải di chuyển
thông qua các nút của bốn cây.
Thêm một cây tứ giác và tìm kiếm các điểm trong một khu vực nhất định
Đoạn mã sau đây sẽ tạo một cây tứ giác, sau đó tìm kiếm tất cả các điểm trong
một khu vực nhất định:
Swift
importGoogleMapsUtilsclassQuadTreeItem:NSObject,GQTPointQuadTreeItem{privateletgqtPoint:GQTPointinit(point:GQTPoint){self.gqtPoint=point}funcpoint()->GQTPoint{returngqtPoint}/// Function demonstrating how to create and use a quadtreeprivatefunctest(){// Create a quadtree with bounds of [-2, -2] to [2, 2].letbounds=GQTBounds(minX:-2,minY:-2,maxX:2,maxY:2)guardlettree=GQTPointQuadTree(bounds:bounds)else{return}// Add 4 points to the tree.tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point:GQTPoint(x:-1,y:-1)))tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point:GQTPoint(x:-1,y:-1)))tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point:GQTPoint(x:-1,y:1)))tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point:GQTPoint(x:1,y:1)))tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point:GQTPoint(x:1,y:-1)))// Search for items within the rectangle with lower corner of (-1.5, -1.5)// and upper corner of (1.5, 1.5).letsearchBounds=GQTBounds(minX:-1.5,minY:-1.5,maxX:1.5,maxY:1.5)foritemintree.search(with:searchBounds)as![QuadTreeItem]{print("(\(item.point().x), \(item.point().y))");}}}
Objective-C
@importGoogleMapsUtils;@interfaceQuadTreeItem : NSObject<GQTPointQuadTreeItem>-(instancetype)initWithPoint:(GQTPoint)point;@end@implementationQuadTreeItem{GQTPoint_point;}-(instancetype)initWithPoint:(GQTPoint)point{if((self=[superinit])){_point=point;}returnself;}-(GQTPoint)point{return_point;}/// Function demonstrating how to create and use a quadtree-(void)test{// Create a quadtree with bounds of [-2, -2] to [2, 2].GQTBoundsbounds={-2,-2,2,2};GQTPointQuadTree*tree=[[GQTPointQuadTreealloc]initWithBounds:bounds];// Add 4 points to the tree.[treeadd:[[QuadTreeItemalloc]initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){-1,-1}]];[treeadd:[[QuadTreeItemalloc]initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){-1,1}]];[treeadd:[[QuadTreeItemalloc]initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){1,1}]];[treeadd:[[QuadTreeItemalloc]initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){1,-1}]];// Search for items within the rectangle with lower corner of (-1.5, -1.5)// and upper corner of (1.5, 1.5).NSArray*foundItems=[treesearchWithBounds:(GQTBounds){-1.5,-1.5,1.5,1.5}];for(QuadTreeItem*iteminfoundItems){NSLog(@"(%lf, %lf)",item.point.x,item.point.y);}}@end
[[["Dễ hiểu","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Giúp tôi giải quyết được vấn đề","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Khác","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Thiếu thông tin tôi cần","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Quá phức tạp/quá nhiều bước","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Đã lỗi thời","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Vấn đề về bản dịch","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Vấn đề về mẫu/mã","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Khác","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Cập nhật lần gần đây nhất: 2025-07-26 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis page explains the quadtree utility within the Maps SDK for iOS Utility Library, a data structure for efficiently finding nearby points.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eQuadtrees enable searching for points within a 2D range using latitude/longitude or cartesian coordinates by indexing them by region.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTo use the quadtree, you must first set up the Maps SDK for iOS Utility Library as a prerequisite.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eCode examples are provided to demonstrate creating a quadtree, adding points, and searching for points within a specified area in both Swift and Objective-C.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["This page describes the quadtree utility that's available in the\n[utility library\nfor the Maps SDK for iOS](https://github.com/googlemaps/google-maps-ios-utils).\n\nA quadtree is a data structure that's useful for finding points near a single\npoint, by searching inside an area surrounding the point of interest.\n\nUsing a quadtree, you can search efficiently for points within a 2D range,\nwhere those points are defined as lat/lng coordinates or as cartesian (x, y)\ncoordinates. The quadtree stores buckets of coordinates in nodes, and indexes\nthem by region (bounding box). To find a given coordinate pair, you traverse\nthrough the nodes of the quadtree.\n\nPrerequisites and notes\n\nThe quadtree utility is part of the\n[Maps SDK for iOS\nUtility Library](https://github.com/googlemaps/google-maps-ios-utils). If you haven't yet set up the library,\nfollow the [setup guide](/maps/documentation/ios-sdk/utility/setup)\nbefore reading the rest of this page.\n\nAdding a quadtree and search for points in a given area\n\nThe following code creates a quadtree, then searches for all points within\na given area: \n\nSwift \n\n```swift\nimport GoogleMapsUtils\n\nclass QuadTreeItem : NSObject, GQTPointQuadTreeItem {\n private let gqtPoint : GQTPoint\n\n init(point : GQTPoint) {\n self.gqtPoint = point\n }\n\n func point() -\u003e GQTPoint {\n return gqtPoint\n }\n\n /// Function demonstrating how to create and use a quadtree\n private func test() {\n\n // Create a quadtree with bounds of [-2, -2] to [2, 2].\n let bounds = GQTBounds(minX: -2, minY: -2, maxX: 2, maxY: 2)\n guard let tree = GQTPointQuadTree(bounds: bounds) else {\n return\n }\n\n // Add 4 points to the tree.\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: -1)))\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: -1)))\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: -1, y: 1)))\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: 1, y: 1)))\n tree.add(QuadTreeItem(point: GQTPoint(x: 1, y: -1)))\n\n // Search for items within the rectangle with lower corner of (-1.5, -1.5)\n // and upper corner of (1.5, 1.5).\n let searchBounds = GQTBounds(minX: -1.5, minY: -1.5, maxX: 1.5, maxY: 1.5)\n for item in tree.search(with: searchBounds) as! [QuadTreeItem] {\n print(\"(\\(item.point().x), \\(item.point().y))\");\n }\n }\n}\n \n```\n\nObjective-C \n\n```objective-c\n@import GoogleMapsUtils;\n\n@interface QuadTreeItem : NSObject\u003cGQTPointQuadTreeItem\u003e\n- (instancetype)initWithPoint:(GQTPoint)point;\n@end\n\n@implementation QuadTreeItem {\n GQTPoint _point;\n}\n\n- (instancetype)initWithPoint:(GQTPoint)point {\n if ((self = [super init])) {\n _point = point;\n }\n return self;\n}\n\n- (GQTPoint)point {\n return _point;\n}\n\n/// Function demonstrating how to create and use a quadtree\n- (void)test {\n // Create a quadtree with bounds of [-2, -2] to [2, 2].\n GQTBounds bounds = {-2, -2, 2, 2};\n GQTPointQuadTree *tree = [[GQTPointQuadTree alloc] initWithBounds:bounds];\n\n // Add 4 points to the tree.\n [tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){-1, -1}]];\n [tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){-1, 1}]];\n [tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){1, 1}]];\n [tree add:[[QuadTreeItem alloc] initWithPoint:(GQTPoint){1, -1}]];\n\n // Search for items within the rectangle with lower corner of (-1.5, -1.5)\n // and upper corner of (1.5, 1.5).\n NSArray *foundItems = [tree searchWithBounds:(GQTBounds){-1.5, -1.5, 1.5, 1.5}];\n\n for (QuadTreeItem *item in foundItems) {\n NSLog(@\"(%lf, %lf)\", item.point.x, item.point.y);\n }\n}\n\n@end\n \n```"]]