Python Runtime Services

The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of services related to the Python interpreter and its interaction with its environment. Here’s an overview:

• sys — System-specific parameters and functions

• builtins — Built-in objects

• __main__ — Top-level script environment

• warnings — Warning control
  • Warning Categories
  • The Warnings Filter
  • Temporarily Suppressing Warnings
  • Testing Warnings
  • Available Functions
  • Available Context Managers

• contextlib — Utilities for with-statement contexts.

• abc — Abstract Base Classes

• atexit — Exit handlers
  • atexit Example

• traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback
  • Traceback Examples

• __future__ — Future statement definitions

• gc — Garbage Collector interface

• inspect — Inspect live objects
  • Types and members
  • Retrieving source code
  • Classes and functions
  • The interpreter stack

• site — Site-specific configuration hook

• fpectl — Floating point exception control
  • Example
  • Limitations and other considerations