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<div class="identifier-type">function template</div><div class="header"><functional></div><h1 itemprop="name"><span class="namespace" title="namespace std">std::</span><span class="token">bind_back</span><span class="cpp cpp23" title="C++23で追加">(C++23)</span></h1>
<div itemprop="articleBody"><p><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">namespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">std</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">F</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>unspecified</i></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bind_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (1) C++23</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><i>unspecified</i></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bind_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// (2) C++26</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</p>
<h2>概要</h2>
<p>関数の引数を末尾から順に部分適用する。</p>
<p>先頭から適用する場合は<code><a href="bind_front.html">bind_front</a></code>を用いる。</p>
<h2><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="関数等の意味論を構成する要素の1つ。Preconditions。関数呼び出し時に満たされていると関数が想定する条件。満たさなければ未定義の動作。契約属性の`[[expects]]`に相当">事前条件</a></h2>
<p><code><a href="../type_traits/decay.html">decay_t</a><F></code>を適用した型を<code>FD</code>、<code><a href="../type_traits/decay.html">decay_t</a><Args>...</code>を適用した型パラメータパックを<code>BoundArgs</code>として</p>
<ul>
<li>(1) : <ul>
<li><code>FD</code>がCpp17MoveConstructible要件を満たすこと</li>
<li><code>BoundArgs</code>のそれぞれの型<code>Ti</code>が<a href="../type_traits/is_object.html">オブジェクト型</a>である場合、Cpp17MoveConstructible要件を満たすこと</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>(2) :<ul>
<li><code>BoundArgs</code>のそれぞれの型<code>Ti</code>がCpp17MoveConstructible要件を満たすこと</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="関数等の意味論を構成する要素の1つ。Mandates。満たさなければプログラムが不適格となる要件。この要件は、オーバーロード解決によって選択された関数内での`static_assert`の定数条件式や、関数に対するdelete宣言などで表現できる">適格要件</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>(1) :<ul>
<li><code><a href="../type_traits/is_constructible.html">is_constructible_v</a><FD, F> && <a href="../type_traits/is_move_constructible.html">is_move_constructible_v</a><FD> && (<a href="../type_traits/is_constructible.html">is_constructible_v</a><BoundArgs, Args> && ...) && (<a href="../type_traits/is_move_constructible.html">is_move_constructible_v</a><BoundArgs> && ...)</code>が<code>true</code>であること</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>(2) : <code>F</code>を<code>f</code>の型として<ul>
<li><code>(<a href="../type_traits/is_constructible.html">is_constructible_v</a><BoundArgs, Args> && ...)</code>が<code>true</code>、かつ</li>
<li><code>(<a href="../type_traits/is_move_constructible.html">is_move_constructible_v</a><BoundArgs> && ...)</code>が<code>true</code>、かつ</li>
<li>もし<code><a href="../type_traits/is_pointer.html">is_pointer_v</a><F> || <a href="../type_traits/is_member_pointer.html">is_member_pointer_v</a><F></code>が<code>true</code>ならば、<code>f != nullptr</code>であること</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="関数呼び出し式の評価結果となるオブジェクト・値">戻り値</a></h2>
<p>呼び出し可能な<code>f</code>を<code><a href="invoke.html">std::invoke()</a></code>で呼び出した時に必要な引数列に後方一致する<code>f</code>と<code>args...</code>を完全転送して保持し、後から残りの引数リストを渡すことで<code>f</code>を呼び出せる<a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="未規定の動作。事前の断りなく処理系によって異なる動作をする" href="../../implementation-compliance.html#dfn-unspecified-behavior">未規定</a>の関数オブジェクトを返す。</p>
<p>返される関数オブジェクトは渡された引数（<code>f, args...</code>）を参照として保持せず、適切にコピー/ムーブして保持する。</p>
<h2><a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="問題が発生したときに、現在実行位置を過去に通過・記録した位置に戻し、文脈情報を添えて紐づけられた処理(例外ハンドラー)を呼び出す仕組み。またはその事態">例外</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>(1) : 関数オブジェクト<code>f</code>のムーブによって任意の<a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="問題が発生したときに、現在実行位置を過去に通過・記録した位置に戻し、文脈情報を添えて紐づけられた処理(例外ハンドラー)を呼び出す仕組み。またはその事態">例外</a>が送出される可能性がある</li>
<li>(2) : <code>bound_args</code>の初期化による任意の<a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="問題が発生したときに、現在実行位置を過去に通過・記録した位置に戻し、文脈情報を添えて紐づけられた処理(例外ハンドラー)を呼び出す仕組み。またはその事態">例外</a>が送出される可能性がある</li>
</ul>
<h2>この機能が必要になった背景・経緯</h2>
<p>C++23で<a href="../ranges/range.html">Rangeアダプタ</a>の<a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="プログラム定義。ユーザー（プログラマ）によって定義されること（標準ライブラリで定義されるものを除く）">ユーザー定義</a>がサポートされた。</p>
<p><a href="../ranges/range.html">Rangeアダプタオブジェクト</a>である<code>adaptor</code>が2つ以上の引数をとる場合、以下の3つの式は等しい。</p>
<p><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">adaptor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n"><a href="../ranges/range.html">range</a></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">...)</span>
<span class="n">adaptor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">...)(</span><span class="n"><a href="../ranges/range.html">range</a></span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n"><a href="../ranges/range.html">range</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">adaptor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">...)</span>
</code></pre></div>
</p>
<p>ここで、Rangeアダプタオブジェクトの第2引数以降を部分適用した結果が<a href="../ranges/range.html">Rangeアダプタクロージャオブジェクト</a>となる。
<a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="プログラム定義。ユーザー（プログラマ）によって定義されること（標準ライブラリで定義されるものを除く）">ユーザー定義</a>するRangeアダプタオブジェクトの<code>operator()</code>において、この部分適用を行うためのユーティリティとして<code>bind_back</code>が提案された。</p>
<h2>例</h2>
<p><div class="yata" id="83de4c3eb52dbc335b6a714638bb810005d87b89"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="cp">#include <a href="../ranges.html"><ranges></a></span>
<span class="cp">#include <a href="../vector.html"><vector></a></span>
<span class="cp">#include <a href="../functional.html"><functional></a></span>
<span class="cp">#include <a href="../print.html"><print></a></span>
<span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">F</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">closure_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../ranges/range_adaptor_closure.html">std::ranges::range_adaptor_closure</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">closure_t</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">F</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">closure_t</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n"><a href="../ranges/range.html">std::ranges::range</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">R</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">requires</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../concepts/invocable.html">std::invocable</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">R</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="p">()(</span><span class="n">R</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n"><a href="../ranges/all.html">std::views::all</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n"><a href="../utility/forward.html">std::forward</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">R</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">)));</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">F</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">adaptor_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">F</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">adaptor_t</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">template</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">operator</span><span class="p">()(</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n"><a href="../concepts/invocable.html">std::invocable</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n"><a href="../utility/forward.html">std::forward</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)...);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">closure_t</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n"><span style="color:#ff0000">std::bind_back</span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../utility/forward.html">std::forward</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)...));</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
<span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">closure_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_defined_join</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n"><a href="../ranges/viewable_range.html">std::ranges::viewable_range</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">R</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">R</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../ranges/join_view.html">std::ranges::join_view</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n"><a href="../utility/forward.html">std::forward</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">R</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">adaptor_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_defined_transform</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n"><a href="../ranges/viewable_range.html">std::ranges::viewable_range</a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">R</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">F</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">R</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../ranges/transform_view.html">std::ranges::transform_view</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n"><a href="../utility/forward.html">std::forward</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">R</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../utility/forward.html">std::forward</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../vector/vector.html">std::vector</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n"><a href="../vector/vector.html">std::vector</a></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vv</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{{</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">}};</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a href="../print/println.html">std::println</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vv</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_defined_join</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">user_defined_transform</span><span class="p">([](</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">){</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div></p>
<h3>出力</h3>
<p><pre><code>[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36]
</code></pre></p>
<h2>バージョン</h2>
<h3>言語</h3>
<ul>
<li>C++23</li>
</ul>
<h3>処理系</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#clang">Clang</a>: ??</li>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#gcc">GCC</a>: ??</li>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#icc">ICC</a>: ??</li>
<li><a href="../../implementation.html#visual_cpp">Visual C++</a>: ??</li>
</ul>
<h2>参照</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2021/p2387r3.html#nanorange" target="_blank">P2387R3 Pipe support for user-defined range adaptors</a></li>
<li><a href="https://onihusube.hatenablog.com/entry/2022/04/24/010041" target="_blank">rangesのパイプにアダプトするには</a></li>
<li><a href="https://open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2023/p2714r1.html" target="_blank">P2714R1 Bind front and back to NTTP callables</a><ul>
<li>C++26で<a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="同名の関数を異なる引数・テンプレート・制約などで複数定義すること。または同名の関数の集合">オーバーロード</a>(2)を追加</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div>
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