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<li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array</span></code> --- 高效率的數值型陣列</a></li>
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<section id="module-array">
<span id="array-efficient-arrays-of-numeric-values"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array</span></code> --- 高效率的數值型陣列<a class="headerlink" href="#module-array" title="連結到這個標頭">¶</a></h1>
<hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />
<p>這個模組定義了一個物件型別，可以簡潔的表達一個包含基本數值的陣列：字元、整數、浮點數。陣列是一個非常類似 list（串列）的<a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-sequence"><span class="xref std std-term">序列</span></a>型別，除了陣列會限制儲存的物件型別。在建立陣列時可以使用一個字元的 <em class="dfn">type code</em> 來指定儲存的資料型別。以下為有被定義的 type codes：</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Type code</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>C Type</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Python Type</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>所需的最小位元組 (bytes)</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>註解</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'b'</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>signed char</p></td>
<td><p>int</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'B'</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>unsigned char</p></td>
<td><p>int</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'u'</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>wchar_t</p></td>
<td><p>Unicode character</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>(1)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Py_UCS4</p></td>
<td><p>Unicode character</p></td>
<td><p>4</p></td>
<td><p>(2)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'h'</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>signed short</p></td>
<td><p>int</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'H'</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>unsigned short</p></td>
<td><p>int</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'i'</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>signed int</p></td>
<td><p>int</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'I'</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>unsigned int</p></td>
<td><p>int</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'l'</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>signed long</p></td>
<td><p>int</p></td>
<td><p>4</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'L'</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>unsigned long</p></td>
<td><p>int</p></td>
<td><p>4</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'q'</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>signed long long</p></td>
<td><p>int</p></td>
<td><p>8</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'Q'</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>unsigned long long</p></td>
<td><p>int</p></td>
<td><p>8</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'f'</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>float</p></td>
<td><p>float</p></td>
<td><p>4</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'d'</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>double</p></td>
<td><p>float</p></td>
<td><p>8</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>註解：</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>根據平台的不同，它有可能是 16 位元或者 32 位元。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.9 版的變更: </span>目前 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array('u')</span></code> 使用 <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wchar_t</span></code> 取代已棄用的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_UNICODE</span></code> 作為 C type。這個異動並沒有影響到它的作用，因為自從 Python 3.3 開始 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_UNICODE</span></code> 即為 <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wchar_t</span></code> 的別名。</p>
</div>
<div class="deprecated-removed">
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">自從版本 3.3 後不推薦使用，將會自版本 3.16 中移除。: </span>請改用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code> typecode。</p>
</div>
</li>
<li><div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">在 3.13 版被加入.</span></p>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">也參考</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="ctypes.html#ctypes-fundamental-data-types"><span class="std std-ref">ctypes</span></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="struct.html#format-characters"><span class="std std-ref">struct</span></a> modules,
as well as third-party modules like <a class="reference external" href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/arrays.interface.html#object.__array_interface__">numpy</a>,
use similar -- but slightly different -- type codes.</p>
</div>
<p>實際上數值的表示方法是被機器的架構所決定（更精準地說，被 C 的實作方法決定）。實際的大小可以透過 <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.itemsize" title="array.array.itemsize"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array.itemsize</span></code></a> 屬性存取。</p>
<p>這個模組定義了以下項目：</p>
<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.typecodes">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">typecodes</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.typecodes" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>一個包含所有可用的 type codes 的字串。</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>這個模組定義了下方的型別：</p>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">array</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">typecode</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">initializer</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>一個新的陣列中的元素被 <em>typecode</em> 限制，並由選用的 <em>initializer</em> 參數初始化，<em>initializer</em> 必須是一個 <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a> 物件、一個 Unicode 字串或包含適當型別元素的可疊代物件 (iterable)。</p>
<p>如果給定的是一個 <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a> 物件，新的陣列初始化時會傳入 <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.frombytes" title="array.array.frombytes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">frombytes()</span></code></a> 方法；如為 Unicode 字串則會傳入 <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.fromunicode" title="array.array.fromunicode"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromunicode()</span></code></a> 方法；其他情況時， 一個 initializer 的可疊代物件將被傳入 <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.extend" title="array.array.extend"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extend()</span></code></a> 方法之中來將初始項目新增至陣列。</p>
<p>陣列支援常見的<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#typesseq-mutable"><span class="std std-ref">可變</span></a><a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-sequence"><span class="xref std std-term">序列</span></a>操作，包含索引 (indexing)、切片 (slicing)、串接 (concatenation)、相乘 (multiplication) 等。當使用切片進行賦值時，賦值的陣列必須具備相同的 type code，其他型別的數值將導致 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>。陣列同時也實作了緩衝區介面，可以在任何支援 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like objects</span></a> 的地方使用。</p>
<p class="audit-hook">引發<a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#auditing"><span class="std std-ref">稽核事件 (auditing event)</span></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array.__new__</span></code> 並附帶引數 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typecode</span></code>、<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">initializer</span></code>。</p>
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.typecode">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">typecode</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.typecode" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>typecode 字元被用在建立陣列時。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.itemsize">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">itemsize</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.itemsize" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>陣列當中的一個元素在內部需要的位元組長度。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.append">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">append</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.append" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>新增一個指定值的新元素到陣列的最尾端。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.buffer_info">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">buffer_info</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.buffer_info" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>回傳一個 tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(address,</span> <span class="pre">length)</span></code> 表示目前的記憶體位置和陣列儲存元素的緩衝區記憶體長度。緩衝區的長度單位是位元組，並可以用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array.buffer_info()[1]</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">array.itemsize</span></code> 計算得到。這偶爾會在底層操作需要記憶體位置的輸出輸入時很有用，例如 <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ioctl()</span></code> 指令。只要陣列存在且沒有使用任何更改長度的操作時，回傳的數值就有效。</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">備註</p>
<p>當使用來自 C 或 C++ 程式碼（這是唯一使得這個資訊有效的途徑）的陣列物件時，更適當的做法是使用陣列物件支援的緩衝區介面。這個方法維護了向後兼容性，並應該在新的程式碼中避免。關於緩衝區介面的文件在<a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/buffer.html#bufferobjects"><span class="std std-ref">緩衝協定 (Buffer Protocol)</span></a>。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.byteswap">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">byteswap</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.byteswap" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>"Byteswap" 所有陣列中的物件。這只有支援物件長度為 1、2、4 或 8 位元組的陣列，其他型別的值會導致 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a>。這在從機器讀取位元順序不同的檔案時很有用。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.count">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">count</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.count" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>回傳 <em>value</em> 在陣列中出現了幾次。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.extend">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">extend</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">iterable</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.extend" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>從 <em>iterable</em> 中新增元素到陣列的尾端，如果 <em>iterable</em> 是另一個陣列，它必須有完全相同的 type code，如果不同會導致 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>。如果 <em>iterable</em> 不是一個陣列，它必須可以被疊代 (iterable) 且其中的元素必須是可以被加入陣列中的正確型別。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.frombytes">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">frombytes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">buffer</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.frombytes" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>從 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</span></a> 中新增元素。讀取時會將其內容當作一個機器數值組成的陣列（就像從檔案中使用 <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.fromfile" title="array.array.fromfile"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromfile()</span></code></a> 方法讀出的資料）。</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">在 3.2 版被加入: </span>將 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromstring()</span></code> 更名為 <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.frombytes" title="array.array.frombytes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">frombytes()</span></code></a>，使其更加清晰易懂。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.fromfile">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromfile</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">f</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.fromfile" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>從 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file object</span></a> <em>f</em> 讀取 <em>n</em> 個元素（作為機器數值），接著將這些元素加入陣列的最尾端。如果只有少於 <em>n</em> 個有效的元素會導致 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#EOFError" title="EOFError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></code></a>，但有效的元素仍然會被加入陣列中。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.fromlist">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromlist</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">list</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.fromlist" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>從 list 中新增元素。這等價於 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">for</span> <span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">list:</span> <span class="pre">a.append(x)</span></code>，除了有型別錯誤產生時，陣列會保持原狀不會被更改。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.fromunicode">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromunicode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ustr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.fromunicode" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>用給定的 Unicode 字串擴展這個陣列。陣列的 type code 必須是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">u</span></code> 或 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code>；其他的型別會導致 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> 被引發。使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array.frombytes(unicodestring.encode(enc))</span></code> 來新增 Unicode 資料到一個其他型別的陣列。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.index">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">index</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">start</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stop</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.index" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>回傳 <em>i</em> 的最小數值，使得 <em>i</em> 成為陣列之中第一次出現 <em>value</em> 的索引。選擇性的引數 <em>start</em> 及 <em>stop</em> 則可以被用來在指定的陣列空間中搜尋 <em>value</em>。如果 <em>value</em> 不存在將導致 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>。</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.10 版的變更: </span>新增選擇性的參數 <em>start</em> 及 <em>stop</em>。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.insert">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">insert</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">index</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.insert" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>在位置 <em>index</em> 之前插入一個元素 <em>value</em>。負數的索引值會從陣列尾端開始數。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.pop">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pop</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">index</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.pop" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>移除並回傳陣列索引值 <em>i</em> 的元素。選擇性的引數 <em>i</em> 預設為 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>，所以預設會刪除並回傳最後一個元素。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.remove">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">remove</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.remove" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>從陣列中刪除第一個出現的 <em>value</em>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.clear">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">clear</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.clear" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>從陣列中刪除所有元素。</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">在 3.13 版被加入.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.reverse">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">reverse</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.reverse" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>反轉陣列中元素的順序。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.tobytes">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tobytes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.tobytes" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>將陣列轉為另一個機器數值組成的陣列並回傳它的位元組表示（跟用 <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.tofile" title="array.array.tofile"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tofile()</span></code></a> 方法寫入檔案時的位元序列相同）。</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">在 3.2 版被加入: </span>為了明確性，過去的 <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tostring()</span></code> 已更名為 <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.tobytes" title="array.array.tobytes"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tobytes()</span></code></a>。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.tofile">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tofile</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">f</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="positional-only-separator o"><abbr title="Positional-only parameter separator (PEP 570)"><span class="pre">/</span></abbr></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.tofile" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>將所有元素（作為機器數值）寫入 <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file object</span></a> <em>f</em>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.tolist">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tolist</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.tolist" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>不更改元素，將陣列轉為一般的 list。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.tounicode">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tounicode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.tounicode" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>將陣列轉為一個 Unicode 字串。陣列的型別必須為 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">u</span></code> 或 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code>；其他型別的陣列會引發 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>。請使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array.tobytes().decode(enc)</span></code> 來為其他型別的陣列轉為 Unicode 字串。</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<p>陣列物件的字串表示形式為 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array(typecode,</span> <span class="pre">initializer)</span></code>。若為空陣列則參數 <em>initializer</em> 被省略，若 <em>typecode</em> 是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'u'</span></code> 或 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code> 將被表示為 Unicode 字串，其他情況則被表示為由數字組成的 list。只要 <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array" title="array.array"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array</span></code></a> class（類別）透過 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">array</span> <span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">array</span></code> 的方式引入，便能確保該字串表示能透過 <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#eval" title="eval"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">eval()</span></code></a> 轉換回一個擁有相同型別及數值的陣列。如果它包含相應的浮點值，<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">inf</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nan</span></code> 也必須被定義。範例：</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'l'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'w'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'hello </span><span class="se">\u2641</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'l'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'d'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.14</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">inf</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nan</span><span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">也參考</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="struct.html#module-struct" title="struct: Interpret bytes as packed binary data."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct</span></code></a> 模組</dt><dd><p>將包含不同資料類型的二進位資料包裝與解開包裝。</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="https://numpy.org/">NumPy</a></dt><dd><p>NumPy 套件定義了另一個陣列型別</p>
</dd>
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