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<section id="module-codeop">
<span id="codeop-compile-python-code"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">codeop</span></code> --- 編譯 Python 程式碼<a class="headerlink" href="#module-codeop" title="連結到這個標頭">¶</a></h1>
<p><strong>原始碼：</strong><a class="extlink-source reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.14/Lib/codeop.py">Lib/codeop.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">codeop</span></code> 模組提供了可以模擬 Python read-eval-print 循環的工具程式 (utilities)，就像在 <a class="reference internal" href="code.html#module-code" title="code: Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">code</span></code></a> 模組中所做的那樣。因此你可能不想直接使用該模組；如果你想在程式中包含這樣的循環，你可能需要使用 <a class="reference internal" href="code.html#module-code" title="code: Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">code</span></code></a> 模組。</p>
<p>這個任務有兩個部分：</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>能夠判斷一列輸入是否完成了一項 Python 陳述式：簡而言之，判斷接下來是列印 '<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">>>></span></code>' 還是 '<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">...</span></code>'。</p></li>
<li><p>記住使用者輸入了哪些未來陳述式，以便後續輸入可以在這些陳述式生效的情況下進行編譯。</p></li>
</ol>
<p><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">codeop</span></code> 模組提供了一種完成上述每項任務的方法，以及同時完成這兩項任務的方法。</p>
<p>只做前者：</p>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="codeop.compile_command">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">codeop.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compile_command</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">source</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'<input>'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">symbol</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'single'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#codeop.compile_command" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>嘗試編譯 <em>source</em>，它應該是 Python 程式碼的字串，如果 <em>source</em> 是有效的 Python 程式碼，則回傳一個程式碼物件 (code object)。在這種情況下，程式碼物件的檔案名稱屬性將為 <em>filename</em>，預設為 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'<input>'</span></code>。如果 <em>source</em> 不是有效的 Python 程式碼，而是有效 Python 程式碼的前綴，則回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>。</p>
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<p><em>symbol</em> 引數決定 <em>source</em> 是否編譯為陳述式（<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'single'</span></code>，為預設值）、為<a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-statement"><span class="xref std std-term">陳述式</span></a>序列 (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'exec'</span></code>) 或為<a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-expression"><span class="xref std std-term">運算式</span></a> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'eval'</span></code>)。任何其他值都會導致引發 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>。</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">備註</p>
<p>剖析器 (parser) 有可能（但通常不會）在到達原始碼的結尾之前停止剖析並獲得成功的結果；在這種情況下，尾隨符號可能會被忽略而不是導致錯誤。例如，反斜線後面加上兩個換行符號後可以是任意的無意義符號。這個問題在未來會因為剖析器 API 的改善而被解決。</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="codeop.Compile">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">codeop.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Compile</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#codeop.Compile" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>此類別的實例具有 <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__call__" title="object.__call__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__call__()</span></code></a> 方法，其簽名與內建函式 <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> 相同，區別在於如果實例編譯包含 <a class="reference internal" href="__future__.html#module-__future__" title="__future__: Future statement definitions"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__future__</span></code></a> 陳述式的程式文本，實例會「記住」並使用該陳述式開始編譯所有後續程式文本。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="codeop.CommandCompiler">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">codeop.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CommandCompiler</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#codeop.CommandCompiler" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>此類別的實例具有 <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__call__" title="object.__call__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__call__()</span></code></a> 方法，其簽名與內建函式 <a class="reference internal" href="#codeop.compile_command" title="codeop.compile_command"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile_command()</span></code></a> 相同，區別在於如果實例編譯包含 <a class="reference internal" href="__future__.html#module-__future__" title="__future__: Future statement definitions"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__future__</span></code></a> 陳述式的程式文本，實例會「記住」並使用該陳述式開始編譯所有後續程式文本。</p>
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