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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> --- 日期與時間的基本型別</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#aware-and-naive-objects">Aware and naive objects</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#constants">常數</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#date-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code> 物件</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime-objects"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> 物件</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-usage-datetime">用法範例：<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-usage-time">用法範例：<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> --- 日期與時間的基本型別</a></li>
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<section id="module-datetime">
<span id="datetime-basic-date-and-time-types"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> --- 日期與時間的基本型別<a class="headerlink" href="#module-datetime" title="連結到這個標頭">¶</a></h1>
<p><strong>原始碼：</strong><a class="extlink-source reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.14/Lib/datetime.py">Lib/datetime.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> 模組提供操作日期與時間的類別。</p>
<p>While date and time arithmetic is supported, the focus of the implementation is
on efficient attribute extraction for output formatting and manipulation.</p>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">小訣竅</p>
<p>跳轉至<a class="reference internal" href="#format-codes"><span class="std std-ref">格式碼 (format codes)</span></a>。</p>
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<p class="admonition-title">也參考</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#module-calendar" title="calendar: Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">calendar</span></code></a> 模組</dt><dd><p>與日曆相關的一般函式。</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="time.html#module-time" title="time: Time access and conversions."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> 模組</dt><dd><p>Time access and conversions.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="zoneinfo.html#module-zoneinfo" title="zoneinfo: IANA time zone support"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zoneinfo</span></code></a> 模組</dt><dd><p>Concrete time zones representing the IANA time zone database.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="https://dateutil.readthedocs.io/en/stable/">dateutil</a> 套件</dt><dd><p>帶有時區與剖析擴充支援的第三方函式庫。</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="extlink-pypi reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/DateType/">DateType</a> 套件</dt><dd><p>Third-party library that introduces distinct static types to for example,
allow <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-static-type-checker"><span class="xref std std-term">static type checkers</span></a>
to differentiate between naive and aware datetimes.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<section id="aware-and-naive-objects">
<span id="datetime-naive-aware"></span><h2>Aware and naive objects<a class="headerlink" href="#aware-and-naive-objects" title="連結到這個標頭">¶</a></h2>
<p>Date and time objects may be categorized as "aware" or "naive" depending on
whether or not they include time zone information.</p>
<p>With sufficient knowledge of applicable algorithmic and political time
adjustments, such as time zone and daylight saving time information,
an <strong>aware</strong> object can locate itself relative to other aware objects.
An aware object represents a specific moment in time that is not open to
interpretation. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id4" id="id1" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p>
<p>A <strong>naive</strong> object does not contain enough information to unambiguously locate
itself relative to other date/time objects. Whether a naive object represents
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), local time, or time in some other time zone is
purely up to the program, just like it is up to the program whether a
particular number represents metres, miles, or mass. Naive objects are easy to
understand and to work with, at the cost of ignoring some aspects of reality.</p>
<p>For applications requiring aware objects, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a>
objects have an optional time zone information attribute, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code>, that
can be set to an instance of a subclass of the abstract <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code> class.
These <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> objects capture information about the offset from UTC
time, the time zone name, and whether daylight saving time is in effect.</p>
<p>Only one concrete <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> class, the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a> class, is
supplied by the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> module. The <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code> class can
represent simple time zones with fixed offsets from UTC, such as UTC itself or
North American EST and EDT time zones. Supporting time zones at deeper levels of
detail is up to the application. The rules for time adjustment across the
world are more political than rational, change frequently, and there is no
standard suitable for every application aside from UTC.</p>
</section>
<section id="constants">
<h2>常數<a class="headerlink" href="#constants" title="連結到這個標頭">¶</a></h2>
<p><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> 模組匯出以下常數：</p>
<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.MINYEAR">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The smallest year number allowed in a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object.
<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span></code></a> is 1.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.MAXYEAR">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The largest year number allowed in a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object.
<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></code></a> is 9999.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.UTC">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UTC</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.UTC" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Alias for the UTC time zone singleton <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone.utc" title="datetime.timezone.utc"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.timezone.utc</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">在 3.11 版被加入.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<section id="available-types">
<h2>Available types<a class="headerlink" href="#available-types" title="連結到這個標頭">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">date</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>An idealized naive date, assuming the current Gregorian calendar always was, and
always will be, in effect. Attributes: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.year" title="datetime.date.year"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">year</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.month" title="datetime.date.month"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">month</span></code></a>, and
<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.day" title="datetime.date.day"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">day</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">time</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>An idealized time, independent of any particular day, assuming that every day
has exactly 24*60*60 seconds. (There is no notion of "leap seconds" here.)
Attributes: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.hour" title="datetime.time.hour"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hour</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.minute" title="datetime.time.minute"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minute</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.second" title="datetime.time.second"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">second</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.microsecond" title="datetime.time.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></code></a>,
and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.tzinfo" title="datetime.time.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">datetime</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>A combination of a date and a time. Attributes: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.year" title="datetime.datetime.year"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">year</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.month" title="datetime.datetime.month"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">month</span></code></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.day" title="datetime.datetime.day"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">day</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.hour" title="datetime.datetime.hour"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hour</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.minute" title="datetime.datetime.minute"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minute</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.second" title="datetime.datetime.second"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">second</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.microsecond" title="datetime.datetime.microsecond"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microsecond</span></code></a>,
and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>表示兩個 <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> 實例之間時間的差異，以微秒為解析度。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>An abstract base class for time zone information objects. These are used by the
<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> classes to provide a customizable notion of
time adjustment (for example, to account for time zone and/or daylight saving
time).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">timezone</span></span></dt>
<dd><p>A class that implements the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></code></a> abstract base class as a
fixed offset from the UTC.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">在 3.2 版被加入.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<p>Objects of these types are immutable.</p>
<p>Subclass relationships:</p>
<figure class="align-center">
<img alt="timedelta, tzinfo, time, and date inherit from object; timezone inherits from tzinfo; and datetime inherits from date." class="invert-in-dark-mode" src="../_images/datetime-inheritance.svg" />
</figure>
<section id="common-properties">
<h3>常見屬性<a class="headerlink" href="#common-properties" title="連結到這個標頭">¶</a></h3>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timezone" title="datetime.timezone"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timezone</span></code></a> types
share these common features:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Objects of these types are immutable.</p></li>
<li><p>Objects of these types are <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-hashable"><span class="xref std std-term">hashable</span></a>, meaning that they can be used as
dictionary keys.</p></li>
<li><p>Objects of these types support efficient pickling via the <a class="reference internal" href="pickle.html#module-pickle" title="pickle: Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pickle</span></code></a> module.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="determining-if-an-object-is-aware-or-naive">
<h3>Determining if an object is aware or naive<a class="headerlink" href="#determining-if-an-object-is-aware-or-naive" title="連結到這個標頭">¶</a></h3>
<p>Objects of the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> type are always naive.</p>
<p>An object of type <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> may be aware or naive.</p>
<p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d</span></code> is aware if both of the following hold:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.tzinfo</span></code> 不是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.tzinfo.utcoffset(d)</span></code> 不會回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></p></li>
</ol>
<p>否則 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d</span></code> 會是 naive 的。</p>
<p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a> object <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t</span></code> is aware if both of the following hold:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t.tzinfo</span></code> 不是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t.tzinfo.utcoffset(None)</span></code> 沒有回傳 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>。</p></li>
</ol>
<p>否則 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t</span></code> 會是 naive 的。</p>
<p>The distinction between aware and naive doesn't apply to <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a>
objects.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="timedelta-objects">
<span id="datetime-timedelta"></span><h2><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code> 物件<a class="headerlink" href="#timedelta-objects" title="連結到這個標頭">¶</a></h2>
<p>一個 <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> 物件代表著一段持續時間，即兩個 <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> 或 <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> 之間的差異。</p>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timedelta">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">days</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">seconds</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">microseconds</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">milliseconds</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">minutes</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hours</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">weeks</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>All arguments are optional and default to 0. Arguments may be integers
or floats, and may be positive or negative.</p>
<p>Only <em>days</em>, <em>seconds</em> and <em>microseconds</em> are stored internally.
Arguments are converted to those units:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>一毫秒會被轉換為 1000 微秒。</p></li>
<li><p>一分鐘會被轉換為 60 秒。</p></li>
<li><p>一小時會被轉換為 3600 秒。</p></li>
<li><p>一週會被轉換為 7 天。</p></li>
</ul>
<p>and days, seconds and microseconds are then normalized so that the
representation is unique, with</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre"><=</span> <span class="pre">microseconds</span> <span class="pre"><</span> <span class="pre">1000000</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre"><=</span> <span class="pre">seconds</span> <span class="pre"><</span> <span class="pre">3600*24</span></code> (the number of seconds in one day)</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-999999999</span> <span class="pre"><=</span> <span class="pre">days</span> <span class="pre"><=</span> <span class="pre">999999999</span></code></p></li>
</ul>
<p>The following example illustrates how any arguments besides
<em>days</em>, <em>seconds</em> and <em>microseconds</em> are "merged" and normalized into those
three resulting attributes:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">datetime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">dt</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">delta</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">27</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">microseconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">milliseconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">29000</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">minutes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">weeks</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="gp">... </span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c1"># Only days, seconds, and microseconds remain</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">delta</span>
<span class="go">datetime.timedelta(days=64, seconds=29156, microseconds=10)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">小訣竅</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">datetime</span> <span class="pre">as</span> <span class="pre">dt</span></code> instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">datetime</span></code> or
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">datetime</span> <span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">datetime</span></code> to avoid confusion between the module
and the class. See <a class="reference external" href="https://adamj.eu/tech/2019/09/12/how-i-import-pythons-datetime-module/">How I Import Python’s datetime Module</a>.</p>
</div>
<p>If any argument is a float and there are fractional microseconds,
the fractional microseconds left over from all arguments are
combined and their sum is rounded to the nearest microsecond using
round-half-to-even tiebreaker. If no argument is a float, the
conversion and normalization processes are exact (no information is
lost).</p>
<p>If the normalized value of days lies outside the indicated range,
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>
<p>Note that normalization of negative values may be surprising at first. For
example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">datetime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">dt</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">microseconds</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seconds</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">microseconds</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">(-1, 86399, 999999)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Since the string representation of <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code> objects can be confusing,
use the following recipe to produce a more readable format:</p>
<div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pretty_timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">td</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">td</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">days</span> <span class="o">>=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">td</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s1">'-(</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">td</span><span class="si">!s}</span><span class="s1">)'</span>
<span class="gp">...</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># not human-friendly</span>
<span class="go">'-1 day, 23:00:00'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">pretty_timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">'-(1:00:00)'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<p>類別屬性：</p>
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timedelta.min">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timedelta.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">min</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.min" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The most negative <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(-999999999)</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timedelta.max">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timedelta.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">max</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.max" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The most positive <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(days=999999999,</span>
<span class="pre">hours=23,</span> <span class="pre">minutes=59,</span> <span class="pre">seconds=59,</span> <span class="pre">microseconds=999999)</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timedelta.resolution">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timedelta.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">resolution</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.resolution" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The smallest possible difference between non-equal <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> objects,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(microseconds=1)</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>Note that, because of normalization, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.max</span></code> is greater than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-timedelta.min</span></code>.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-timedelta.max</span></code> is not representable as a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object.</p>
<p>Instance attributes (read-only):</p>
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timedelta.days">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timedelta.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">days</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.days" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>在 -999,999,999 到 999,999,999 （含）之間</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timedelta.seconds">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timedelta.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">seconds</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.seconds" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>在 0 到 86,399 （含）之間</p>
<div class="admonition caution">
<p class="admonition-title">警示</p>
<p>It is a somewhat common bug for code to unintentionally use this attribute
when it is actually intended to get a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta.total_seconds" title="datetime.timedelta.total_seconds"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">total_seconds()</span></code></a>
value instead:</p>
<div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">datetime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">dt</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">duration</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">11235813</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">duration</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">duration</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seconds</span>
<span class="go">(130, 3813)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">duration</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">total_seconds</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">11235813.0</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timedelta.microseconds">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timedelta.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">microseconds</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.microseconds" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>在 0 到 999,999 （含）之間</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>Supported operations:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Operation</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Result</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Sum of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t2</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t3</span></code>.
Afterwards <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code> and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">t3</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">t2</span></code> are true. (1)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Difference of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t2</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t3</span></code>. Afterwards
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code> are
true. (1)(6)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">i</span> <span class="pre">or</span> <span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">i</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">t2</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Delta multiplied by an integer.
Afterwards <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">//</span> <span class="pre">i</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">t2</span></code> is true,
provided <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">i</span> <span class="pre">!=</span> <span class="pre">0</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td></td>
<td><p>In general, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span>  <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">i</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">(i-1)</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">t1</span></code>
is true. (1)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">f</span> <span class="pre">or</span> <span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">f</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">t2</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Delta multiplied by a float. The result is
rounded to the nearest multiple of
timedelta.resolution using round-half-to-even.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">/</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Division (3) of overall duration <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t2</span></code> by
interval unit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t3</span></code>. Returns a <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a>
object.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">/</span> <span class="pre">f</span> <span class="pre">or</span> <span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">/</span> <span class="pre">i</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Delta divided by a float or an int. The result
is rounded to the nearest multiple of
timedelta.resolution using round-half-to-even.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">//</span> <span class="pre">i</span></code> or
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">//</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The floor is computed and the remainder (if
any) is thrown away. In the second case, an
integer is returned. (3)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">%</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The remainder is computed as a
<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object. (3)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">q,</span> <span class="pre">r</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">divmod(t1,</span> <span class="pre">t2)</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Computes the quotient and the remainder:
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">q</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">//</span> <span class="pre">t2</span></code> (3) and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">r</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">%</span> <span class="pre">t2</span></code>.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">q</span></code> is an integer and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">r</span></code> is a
<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">+t1</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Returns a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object with the
same value. (2)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-t1</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>等價於 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(-t1.days,</span> <span class="pre">-t1.seconds,</span> <span class="pre">-t1.microseconds)</span></code>，也等價於 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t1</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">-1</span></code>。 (1)(4)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">abs(t)</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">+t</span></code> when <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t.days</span> <span class="pre">>=</span> <span class="pre">0</span></code>,
and to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-t</span></code> when <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t.days</span> <span class="pre"><</span> <span class="pre">0</span></code>. (2)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str(t)</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Returns a string in the form
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[D</span> <span class="pre">day[s],</span> <span class="pre">][H]H:MM:SS[.UUUUUU]</span></code>, where D
is negative for negative <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t</span></code>. (5)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">repr(t)</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Returns a string representation of the
<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object as a constructor
call with canonical attribute values.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>註解：</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>這是精確的，但可能會溢位。</p></li>
<li><p>這是精確的，且不會溢位。</p></li>
<li><p>Division by zero raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ZeroDivisionError" title="ZeroDivisionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZeroDivisionError</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-timedelta.max</span></code> is not representable as a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object.</p></li>
<li><p>String representations of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> objects are normalized
similarly to their internal representation. This leads to somewhat
unusual results for negative timedeltas. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">datetime.timedelta(days=-1, seconds=68400)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">-1 day, 19:00:00</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>The expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">t3</span></code> will always be equal to the expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">t2</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">(-t3)</span></code> except
when t3 is equal to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.max</span></code>; in that case the former will produce a result
while the latter will overflow.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>In addition to the operations listed above, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> objects support
certain additions and subtractions with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a>
objects (see below).</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.2 版的變更: </span>Floor division and true division of a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object by another
<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code> object are now supported, as are remainder operations and
the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#divmod" title="divmod"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">divmod()</span></code></a> function. True division and multiplication of a
<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code> object by a <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a> object are now supported.</p>
</div>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> objects support equality and order comparisons.</p>
<p>In Boolean contexts, a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> object is
considered to be true if and only if it isn't equal to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(0)</span></code>.</p>
<p>實例方法：</p>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.timedelta.total_seconds">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">timedelta.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">total_seconds</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.total_seconds" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the total number of seconds contained in the duration. Equivalent to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">td</span> <span class="pre">/</span> <span class="pre">timedelta(seconds=1)</span></code>. For interval units other than seconds, use the
division form directly (for example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">td</span> <span class="pre">/</span> <span class="pre">timedelta(microseconds=1)</span></code>).</p>
<p>Note that for very large time intervals (greater than 270 years on
most platforms) this method will lose microsecond accuracy.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">在 3.2 版被加入.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<section id="examples-of-usage-timedelta">
<h3>用法範例：<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#examples-of-usage-timedelta" title="連結到這個標頭">¶</a></h3>
<p>An additional example of normalization:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c1"># Components of another_year add up to exactly 365 days</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">datetime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">dt</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">year</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">365</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">another_year</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weeks</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">84</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">minutes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">600</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">year</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">another_year</span>
<span class="go">True</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">year</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">total_seconds</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">31536000.0</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Examples of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></a> arithmetic:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">datetime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">dt</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">year</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">365</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ten_years</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">year</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ten_years</span>
<span class="go">datetime.timedelta(days=3650)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ten_years</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">days</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="mi">365</span>
<span class="go">10</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">nine_years</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ten_years</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">year</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">nine_years</span>
<span class="go">datetime.timedelta(days=3285)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">three_years</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nine_years</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">three_years</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">three_years</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">days</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="mi">365</span>
<span class="go">(datetime.timedelta(days=1095), 3)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="date-objects">
<span id="datetime-date"></span><h2><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code> 物件<a class="headerlink" href="#date-objects" title="連結到這個標頭">¶</a></h2>
<p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> object represents a date (year, month and day) in an idealized
calendar, the current Gregorian calendar indefinitely extended in both
directions.</p>
<p>January 1 of year 1 is called day number 1, January 2 of year 1 is
called day number 2, and so on. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id5" id="id2" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>2<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">datetime.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">date</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">year</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">month</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">day</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>All arguments are required. Arguments must be integers, in the following
ranges:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span> <span class="pre"><=</span> <span class="pre">year</span> <span class="pre"><=</span> <span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span> <span class="pre"><=</span> <span class="pre">month</span> <span class="pre"><=</span> <span class="pre">12</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span> <span class="pre"><=</span> <span class="pre">day</span> <span class="pre"><=</span> <span class="pre">該年該月的天數</span></code></p></li>
</ul>
<p>If an argument outside those ranges is given, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>Other constructors, all class methods:</p>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.today">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">classmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">today</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.today" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>回傳目前的本地日期。</p>
<p>這等同於 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date.fromtimestamp(time.time())</span></code>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.fromtimestamp">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">classmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromtimestamp</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">timestamp</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.fromtimestamp" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the local date corresponding to the POSIX <em>timestamp</em>, such as is
returned by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.time()</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>This may raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a>, if the timestamp is out
of the range of values supported by the platform C <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code>
function, and <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> on <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code> failure.
It's common for this to be restricted to years from 1970 through 2038. Note
that on non-POSIX systems that include leap seconds in their notion of a
timestamp, leap seconds are ignored by <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.fromtimestamp" title="datetime.date.fromtimestamp"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromtimestamp()</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.3 版的變更: </span>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> instead of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> if the timestamp
is out of the range of values supported by the platform C
<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code> function. Raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> instead of
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> on <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">localtime()</span></code> failure.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.fromordinal">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">classmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromordinal</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ordinal</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.fromordinal" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the date corresponding to the proleptic Gregorian <em>ordinal</em>, where
January 1 of year 1 has ordinal 1.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised unless <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span> <span class="pre"><=</span> <span class="pre">ordinal</span> <span class="pre"><=</span>
<span class="pre">date.max.toordinal()</span></code>. For any date <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d</span></code>,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date.fromordinal(d.toordinal())</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">d</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.fromisoformat">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">classmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromisoformat</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">date_string</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.fromisoformat" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> corresponding to a <em>date_string</em> given in any valid
ISO 8601 format, with the following exceptions:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Reduced precision dates are not currently supported (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY-MM</span></code>,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY</span></code>).</p></li>
<li><p>Extended date representations are not currently supported
(<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">±YYYYYY-MM-DD</span></code>).</p></li>
<li><p>Ordinal dates are not currently supported (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY-OOO</span></code>).</p></li>
</ol>
<p>範例：</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">datetime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">dt</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2019-12-04'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">datetime.date(2019, 12, 4)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'20191204'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">datetime.date(2019, 12, 4)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromisoformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'2021-W01-1'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">datetime.date(2021, 1, 4)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">在 3.7 版被加入.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.11 版的變更: </span>Previously, this method only supported the format <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YYYY-MM-DD</span></code>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.fromisocalendar">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">classmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromisocalendar</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">year</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">week</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">day</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.fromisocalendar" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> corresponding to the ISO calendar date specified by
<em>year</em>, <em>week</em> and <em>day</em>. This is the inverse of the function <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.isocalendar" title="datetime.date.isocalendar"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date.isocalendar()</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">在 3.8 版被加入.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.strptime">
<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">classmethod</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">strptime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">date_string</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">format</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.strptime" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> corresponding to <em>date_string</em>, parsed according to
<em>format</em>. This is equivalent to:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strptime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">date_string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">format</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised if the date_string and format
can't be parsed by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.strptime()</span></code></a> or if it returns a value which isn't a
time tuple. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior"><span class="std std-ref">strftime() 與 strptime() 的行為</span></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.fromisoformat" title="datetime.date.fromisoformat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date.fromisoformat()</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">備註</p>
<p>If <em>format</em> specifies a day of month without a year a
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#DeprecationWarning" title="DeprecationWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DeprecationWarning</span></code></a> is emitted. This is to avoid a quadrennial
leap year bug in code seeking to parse only a month and day as the
default year used in absence of one in the format is not a leap year.
Such <em>format</em> values may raise an error as of Python 3.15. The
workaround is to always include a year in your <em>format</em>. If parsing
<em>date_string</em> values that do not have a year, explicitly add a year that
is a leap year before parsing:</p>
<div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">datetime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">dt</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">date_string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"02/29"</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">when</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strptime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">date_string</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">;1984"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"%m/</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">;%Y"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 避免閏年錯誤。</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">when</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strftime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"%B </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">'February 29'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">在 3.14 版被加入.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<p>類別屬性：</p>
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.min">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">min</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.min" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The earliest representable date, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date(MINYEAR,</span> <span class="pre">1,</span> <span class="pre">1)</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.max">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">max</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.max" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The latest representable date, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date(MAXYEAR,</span> <span class="pre">12,</span> <span class="pre">31)</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.resolution">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">resolution</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.resolution" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The smallest possible difference between non-equal date objects,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta(days=1)</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>Instance attributes (read-only):</p>
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.year">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">year</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.year" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Between <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></code></a> inclusive.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.month">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">month</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.month" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>在 1 到 12 （含）之間。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.day">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">day</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.day" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Between 1 and the number of days in the given month of the given year.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>Supported operations:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Operation</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Result</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date2</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date2</span></code> will be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.days</span></code> days
after <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span></code>. (1)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date2</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">timedelta</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Computes <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date2</span></code> such that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date2</span> <span class="pre">+</span>
<span class="pre">timedelta</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">date1</span></code>. (2)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>(3)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code></div>
<div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">!=</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><p>Equality comparison. (4)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre"><</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code></div>
<div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">></span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code></div>
<div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre"><=</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code></div>
<div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">>=</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><p>Order comparison. (5)</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>註解：</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p><em>date2</em> is moved forward in time if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.days</span> <span class="pre">></span> <span class="pre">0</span></code>, or backward if
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.days</span> <span class="pre"><</span> <span class="pre">0</span></code>. Afterward <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date2</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">timedelta.days</span></code>.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.seconds</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.microseconds</span></code> are ignored.
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> is raised if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date2.year</span></code> would be smaller than
<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MINYEAR</span></code></a> or larger than <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAXYEAR</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.seconds</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.microseconds</span></code> 被忽略。</p></li>
<li><p>This is exact, and cannot overflow. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.seconds</span></code> and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timedelta.microseconds</span></code> are 0, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date2</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">timedelta</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">date1</span></code> after.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> objects are equal if they represent the same date.</p>
<p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code> objects that are not also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> instances
are never equal to <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> objects, even if they represent
the same date.</p>
</li>
<li><p><em>date1</em> is considered less than <em>date2</em> when <em>date1</em> precedes <em>date2</em> in time.
In other words, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1</span> <span class="pre"><</span> <span class="pre">date2</span></code> if and only if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date1.toordinal()</span> <span class="pre"><</span>
<span class="pre">date2.toordinal()</span></code>.</p>
<p>Order comparison between a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> object that is not also a
<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> instance and a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> object raises
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">在 3.13 版的變更: </span>Comparison between <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code></a> object and an instance of
the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> subclass that is not a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime</span></code> subclass
no longer converts the latter to <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code>, ignoring the time part
and the time zone.
The default behavior can be changed by overriding the special comparison
methods in subclasses.</p>
</div>
<p>In Boolean contexts, all <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> objects are considered to be true.</p>
<p>實例方法：</p>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.replace">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">replace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">year</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.year</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">month</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.month</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">day</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">self.day</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.replace" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> object with the same values, but with specified
parameters updated.</p>
<p>範例：</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">datetime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">dt</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2002</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">31</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">day</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">datetime.date(2002, 12, 26)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The generic function <a class="reference internal" href="copy.html#copy.replace" title="copy.replace"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">copy.replace()</span></code></a> also supports <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a>
objects.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.timetuple">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">timetuple</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.timetuple" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>回傳一個 <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.struct_time</span></code></a>，如同 <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time.localtime()</span></code></a> 所回傳。</p>
<p>The hours, minutes and seconds are 0, and the DST flag is -1.</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d.timetuple()</span></code> 等價於：</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">struct_time</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">month</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">day</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">weekday</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">yday</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">yday</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">d.toordinal()</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">date(d.year,</span> <span class="pre">1,</span> <span class="pre">1).toordinal()</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code>
is the day number within the current year starting with 1 for January 1st.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.toordinal">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">toordinal</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.toordinal" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the proleptic Gregorian ordinal of the date, where January 1 of year 1
has ordinal 1. For any <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date</span></code></a> object <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">d</span></code>,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date.fromordinal(d.toordinal())</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">d</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.weekday">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">weekday</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.weekday" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>回傳一個代表星期幾的整數，星期一為 0、星期日為 6。例如 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date(2002,</span> <span class="pre">12,</span> <span class="pre">4).weekday()</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">2</span></code> 為星期三。也請參考 <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.isoweekday" title="datetime.date.isoweekday"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isoweekday()</span></code></a>。</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.isoweekday">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isoweekday</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.isoweekday" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7.
For example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">date(2002,</span> <span class="pre">12,</span> <span class="pre">4).isoweekday()</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">3</span></code>, a Wednesday. See also
<a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.weekday" title="datetime.date.weekday"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">weekday()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.isocalendar" title="datetime.date.isocalendar"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isocalendar()</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datetime.date.isocalendar">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">date.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isocalendar</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.isocalendar" title="連結到這個定義">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-named-tuple"><span class="xref std std-term">named tuple</span></a> object with three components: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">year</span></code>,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">week</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">weekday</span></code>.</p>
<p>The ISO calendar is a widely used variant of the Gregorian calendar. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id6" id="id3" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>3<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a></p>
<p>The ISO year consists of 52 or 53 full weeks, and where a week starts on a
Monday and ends on a Sunday. The first week of an ISO year is the first