🌐 Mailman 3 September 2000 - Python-list - python.org

how to convert rgb to png
by Fredrik Lundin Sept. 1, 2000

Sept. 1, 2000

Hey! Thanks for the help on how to make a Vec2f out of two Floats! Now I have another intricate problem :-) Is there anyone that knows if there is a possibility to convert a rgb image file to a png image file? *** Starting to get a grip of it... Fredrik Lundin ***

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How can I parsing RFC822 message...
by jun won, Seo Sept. 1, 2000

Sept. 1, 2000

Hi, Python programmers ! I'm programming web mail program.. I'm success on IMAP server log on and get message header and body. How can I parsing RFC822 message. examply--- HEADER (RFC-822) header of the message TEXT MULTIPART/MIXED 1 MULTIPART/ALTERNATIVE 1.1 TEXT/PLAIN 1.2 TEXT/HTML 2 APPLICATION/OCTET-STREAM . . . I want get the 1's header and body, and 2's header and body....... I want random access Message's body... Please Help me..

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RE: Python in game development? + recFib
by Mike Fletcher Sept. 1, 2000

Sept. 1, 2000

The problem with that particular implementation (elegant as it is) is that you wind up creating a cache of potentially hundreds of thousands of integers when you only need two for the next value (as far as I can see, anyway) here is a somewhat faster version of the same algorithm when you're dealing with fairly large numbers (such as fibonacci (100000)). 8<________ fibonacci.py ___________ def fibonacci (n, cache = [0L, 1L]) : for i in range (len (cache), n+1) : cache.append (cache [i-1] + cache [i-2]) return cache [n] def fibonacci2 (n) : if n == 0: return 0 elif n == 1: return 1 else: first = 0L second = 1L for i in xrange (2, n+1) : current = first + second first = second second = current return current if __name__ == "__main__": import time t = time.clock() a = fibonacci( 10000 ) print 'fibonacci', time.clock()-t ## t = time.clock() ## a = fibonacci( 100000 ) ## print 'fibonacci', time.clock()-t t = time.clock() b = fibonacci2( 10000 ) print 'fibonacci2', time.clock()-t t = time.clock() b = fibonacci2( 100000 ) print 'fibonacci2', time.clock()-t print 'a == b', a==b and a sample run... p:\>fibonacci fibonacci 0.250045676184 fibonacci2 0.136871826762 a == b 1 fibonacci2 11.9150154796 1 1 1 1 2 2 Yay! The optimisation threads return to the Python List :o) ! Enjoy, Mike -----Original Message----- From: tanzer(a)swing.co.at [mailto:tanzer@swing.co.at] Sent: Thursday, August 31, 2000 2:31 AM To: python-list(a)python.org Subject: Re: Python in game development? + recFib "Darrell Gallion" <darrell(a)dorb.com> wrote: > Hacked up Christian's code to get past the stack limit. > Skipped locking on things like the cache since it's a write once kind of > thing. > Guess hacking can pay off. (snip -- 90 lines of code) There's an easier way: def fibonacci (n, cache = [0L, 1L]) : for i in range (len (cache), n+1) : cache.append (cache [i-1] + cache [i-2]) return cache [n] # end def fibonacci And it's more efficient, too (for n=10000, it's 50% faster than my version with the dict; for n=16383, it's almost 3 times faster than your version). Simple-is-often-faster-than-complex ly, Christian -- Christian Tanzer tanzer(a)swing.co.at Glasauergasse 32 Tel: +43 1 876 62 36 A-1130 Vienna, Austria Fax: +43 1 877 66 92 -- http://www.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

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What is File-like Object?
by jun won, Seo Sept. 1, 2000

Sept. 1, 2000

Hi... What is File-like Object?

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XML creation
by Curtis Jensen Sept. 1, 2000

Sept. 1, 2000

We have several arrays, some are multidimensional arrays, created with NumPy. We'd like store these arrays in an XML data structure. Is there a python script similar to shelve or pickle that will take an array and convert it to XML code? Thanks. -- Curtis Jensen cjensen(a)bioeng.ucsd.edu http://www-bioeng.ucsd.edu/~cjensen/ FAX (425) 740-1451

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Help with Calling Ada from Python
by hoffman＠insync.net Sept. 1, 2000

Sept. 1, 2000

Hi, I would like to be able to call Ada from Python, so I created a simple example of a Python module written in C which in turn calls functions written in Ada. It works, but one thing is a bit awkward and I am hoping that someone here can help me to improve it. I have attached the C source file that creates the Python module as listing one, and the Ada package (specification and body) that it calls as listing two. For good measure, listing three shows how I built all of this under Linux. The awkwardness comes from the lines (marked AWKWARD in the C source code) that start and stop the Ada runtime library. It is awkward because I start and stop it for each function call. Now, I know that I could turn off the Ada runtime without giving up anything significant as far as this simple example is concerned (though any pointers about how to do this or comments about what capabilities I sacrifice will be appreciated). But I am wondering if Python would allow a better solution. To create a Python extension in C, a module initialization function must be provided (in this case it is called initnumberPlay()). It is clear to me that the call to adainit(), which starts the Ada runtime, could easily be put into this function so that the Ada runtime would be started when the module is loaded. But how can I ensure that the Ada runtime is shutdown when the module exits? I haven't found anything in my reading that suggests a method of cleaning up when a module is unloaded. I do recall reading that the Python interpreter unloads modules before shutting down, so all that I would need to worry about is triggering a call to adafinal() when the module numberPlay is unloaded. If anyone has any suggestions on how to do this, or any other suggestions for improving this code, please let me know. David Hoffman hoffman(a)insync.net =============================<LISTING ONE>============================== /********************************************************************* * * * File: numberPlay.c * * * * Purpose: To provide a demonstration of how to write a C wrapper * * for Ada functions called from Python. * * * * Author: David Hoffman * * hoffman(a)insync.net * * * *********************************************************************/ #include <Python.h> /* Declare external functions....................................... */ extern adainit(); extern adafinal(); extern long adafactorial(long N); extern long adagcd(long P, long Q); /* C functions used to extend Python................................. */ long factorial (long value) /* Compute factorial */ { long answer; adainit(); /* AWKWARD */ answer = adafactorial(value); adafinal(); /* AWKWARD */ return answer; } long gcd (long x, long y) /* Compute greatest common divisor */ { long answer; adainit(); /* AWKWARD */ answer = adagcd(x,y); adafinal(); /* AWKWARD */ return answer; } /* C wrapper functions for Python extensions......................... */ PyObject *wrap_factorial(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { int n, result; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args,"i",&n)) return NULL; if ( n > 0 ) /* Input error check */ { if ( n <= 12 ) { result = factorial(n); } else { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,"Input would cause overflow"); return NULL; } } else { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,"Input must be non-negative"); return NULL; } return Py_BuildValue("i",result); } PyObject *wrap_gcd(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { int p, q, result; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args,"ii",&p,&q)) return NULL; if ( p <= 0 || q <= 0 ) /* Input error check */ { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,"Both inputs must be positive"); return NULL; } else { result = gcd(p,q); } return Py_BuildValue("i",result); } /* Define methods table.............................................. */ static PyMethodDef numberPlayMethods[] = { { "factorial" , wrap_factorial , 1 }, { "gcd" , wrap_gcd , 1 }, { NULL , NULL }, }; /* Initialization function........................................... */ void initnumberPlay() { PyObject *m; m = Py_InitModule("numberPlay", numberPlayMethods); } =============================<LISTING TWO>============================== ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- -- -- File: integer_functions.ads -- -- -- -- Purpose: To demonstrate how to export Ada functions to C with -- -- the ultimate goal of making them callable from Python -- -- scripts. -- -- -- -- Author: David Hoffman -- -- hoffman(a)insync.net -- -- -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ with Interfaces.C; use Interfaces; package Integer_Functions is function Ada_Factorial ( Value : C.Long ) return C.Long; function Ada_GCD ( Dividend, Divisor : C.Long ) return C.Long; pragma Export (C, Ada_Factorial, "adafactorial"); pragma Export (C, Ada_GCD, "adagcd"); end Integer_Functions; ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- -- -- File: integer_functions.adb -- -- -- -- Purpose: To compute either the factorial of a given integer or -- -- the greatest common divisor of a pair of integers with -- -- Ada code invoked from a Python script. -- -- -- -- Author: David Hoffman -- -- hoffman(a)insync.net -- -- -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ with Interfaces.C; use Interfaces; package body Integer_Functions is ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- P R I V A T E F U N C T I O N S -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- -- In a "real world" application, the functions in this section -- would be defined and implemented in an external package that -- would be linked to this one via with and use statements. -- -- Compute factorial.................................................... function Factorial ( N : Integer ) return Integer is begin if N = 1 then return 1; else return N * Factorial(N-1); end if; end; -- Compute greatest common divisor...................................... function GCD ( I, J : Natural ) return Natural is begin if J = 0 then return I; else return GCD(J, I mod J ); end if; end; ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- P U B L I C F U N C T I O N S -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Export factorial..................................................... function Ada_Factorial ( Value : C.Long ) return C.Long is P, Q : Integer; begin P := Integer(Value); Q := Factorial(P); return C.Long(Q); end; -- Export greatest common divisor....................................... function Ada_GCD ( Dividend, Divisor : C.Long ) return C.Long is N, P, Q : Natural; begin N := Natural(Dividend); P := Natural(Divisor); Q := GCD(N,P); return C.Long(Q); end; end Integer_Functions; ============================<LISTING THREE>============================= This example was built under Linux (kernel 2.0.33, libc 5.4.33) using the GNAT Ada compiler (version 3.11p). It runs under Python 1.5. The first step is to compile the Ada components: $ gcc -c integer_functions.ads $ gcc -c integer_functions.adb $ gnatbind -n integer_functions.ali $ gcc -c b_integer_functions.c Then compile the C component: $ gcc -fpic -c -I/usr/local/include/python1.5 \ -I/usr/local/lib/python1.5/config \ numberPlay.c Finally, link it all together: $ gcc -shared -o numberPlay.so \ -L/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686-pc-linux-gnulibc1/2.8.1/adalib \ *.o -lgnat Good luck. ========================================================================

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Re: [Python-Dev] Re: [PEP 224] Attribute Docstrings
by M.-A. Lemburg Sept. 1, 2000

Sept. 1, 2000

Aahz Maruch wrote: > > [p&e] > > In article <39AAA306.2CBD5383(a)lemburg.com>, > M.-A. Lemburg <mal(a)lemburg.com> wrote: > > > >class A: > > " Base class for database " > > > > x = "???" > > " name of the database; override in subclasses ! " > > > > y = 1 > > " run in auto-commit ? " > > > >class D(A): > > > > x = "mydb" > > """ name of the attached database; note that this must support > > transactions > > """ > > > >This will give you: > > > >A.__doc__x__ == " name of the database; override in subclasses ! " > >A.__doc__y__ == " run in auto-commit ? " > >D.__doc__x__ == """ name of the attached database; note that this must support > > transactions > > """ > >D.__doc__y__ == " run in auto-commit ? " > > > >There's no way you are going to achieve this using dictionaries. > > Maybe I'm dense, but what about > > A.__docs__['x'] == " name of the database; override in subclasses ! " > A.__docs__['y'] == " run in auto-commit ? " > D.__docs__['x'] == """ name of the attached database; note that this must support > transactions > """ > D.__docs__['y'] == " run in auto-commit ? " > > If D.__doc_y__ or D.__docs__['y'] is a reference to A.__docs__['y'], > then it's a reference either way. Conversely, if it's *not* a > reference, there's *definitely* no problem. Ok, some questions: How would this be done for mixin classes ? What if you change the base classes of D after creation of D ? How would D.__docs__ get the information about A's y attribute and when ? -- Marc-Andre Lemburg ______________________________________________________________________ Business: http://www.lemburg.com/ Python Pages: http://www.lemburg.com/python/

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quopri (quoted-printable) problem
by Dieter Maurer Sept. 1, 2000

Sept. 1, 2000

I recognized today, that * Python's "quopri.encode" encodes "=" as "==" * Both Netscape Mail and Outlook Express do not handle an "==" for "=" correctly in some circumstances. While there is apparently no problem with plain text, attribute assignments in HTML tags are no longer recognized. E.g. '<a href="#x">' is encoded as '<a href=="#x">'. If this link is clicked on, the mail reader tries to access '///'. For mail reading programs it is probably best to encode '=' as '=3D'. Dieter

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by segels＠home.com Sept. 1, 2000

Sept. 1, 2000

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tkinter binding problem
by Bob van der Poel Sept. 1, 2000

Sept. 1, 2000

I have a scrollable canvas with a bunch of entry widgets (a nice entry grid). Right now I have several bindings for each widget (for various keys). I thought it'd be faster, etc. to just have a binding for each key apply to the entire canvas (which only holds the entry widgets) and then have the callback figure out which widget is active and do the appropriate thing. Since the widgets are all in a frame (which was swallowed by the canvas) I figured that: myframe.bind( event, callback) would do the trick. It seems to get applied, but the callback is not called. Also, doing: mycanvas.bind( envent, callback) does nothing either. I thought I saw something on this here awhile ago, but can't seem to find it now. Thanks. -- __ / ) / Bob van der Poel /--< ____/__ bvdpoel(a)uniserve.com /___/_(_) /_) http://users.uniserve.com/~bvdpoel

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