🌐 Mailman 3 September 2021 - Python-list - python.org

Re: Trouble propagating logging configuration
by Loris Bennett Sept. 1, 2021

Sept. 1, 2021

"Dieter Maurer" <dieter(a)handshake.de> writes: > Loris Bennett wrote at 2021-8-31 15:25 +0200: >>I am having difficulty getting the my logging configuration passed on >>to imported modules. >> >>My initial structure was as follows: >> >> $ tree blorp/ >> blorp/ >> |-- blorp >> | |-- __init__.py >> | |-- bar.py >> | |-- foo.py >> | `-- main.py >> `-- pyproject.toml >> >>whereby the logging configuration is done in main.py. >> >>After thinking about it, I decided maybe the inheritance wasn't working >>because main.py is in the same directory as the other files. > > Should you speak about Python's `logging` module, then > the "inheritance" does not depend on the source layout. > Instead, it is based on the hierarchy of dotted names. > It is completely up to you which dotted names you are using > in your `getLogger` calls. Yes, but to quote from https://docs.python.org/3.6/howto/logging.html#logging-basic-tutorial: A good convention to use when naming loggers is to use a module-level logger, in each module which uses logging, named as follows: logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) This means that logger names track the package/module hierarchy, and it’s intuitively obvious where events are logged just from the logger name. so in this case the source layout is relevant, isn't it? > Furthermore, the place of the configuration (and where in the > code it is activated) is completely irrelevant for the "inheritance". OK, so one issue is that I was getting confused by the *order* in which modules are being called. If I have two modules, 'foo' and 'bar', in the same directory, configure the logging just in 'foo' and then call foo.some_method() bar.some_method() then both methods will be logged. If I do bar.some_method() foo.some_method() then only the method in 'foo' will be logged. However, I still have the following problem. With the structure $ tree . . |-- log_test | |-- __init__.py | |-- first.py | `-- second.py |-- pyproject.toml |-- README.rst |-- run.py `-- tests |-- __init__.py |-- config `-- test_log_test.py I have __name__ variables as follows: __file__: /home/loris/log_test/log_test/first.py, __name__: log_test.first __file__: /home/loris/log_test/log_test/second.py, __name__: log_test.second __file__: ./run.py, __name__: __main__ If I have [loggers] keys=root,main,log_test in my logging configuration and initialise the logging in run.py with logging.config.fileConfig("/home/loris/log_test/tests/config") logger = logging.getLogger() or logging.config.fileConfig("/home/loris/log_test/tests/config") logger = logging.getLogger("log_test") then only calls in 'run.py' are logged. I can obviously initialise the logging within the subordinate package, i.e. in 'log_test/__init__.py', but that seems wrong to me. So what is the correct way to initialise logging from a top-level script such that logging is activated in all modules requested in the logging configuration? > For details, read the Python documentation for the `logging` module. If they were sufficient, I wouldn't need the newsgroup :-) Thanks for the help, Loris -- This signature is currently under construction.

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ANN: Wing Python IDE 8.0.3 has been released
by Wingware Sept. 1, 2021

Sept. 1, 2021

Wing 8.0.3 allows specifying the Django settings module for unit tests with --settings=<name> in Run Args on the Testing page of Project Properties, fixes using an Activated Env that contains spaces in its path, prevents failure to reformat code on remote hosts and containers, fixes searching in files with non-ascii characters, and makes several other improvements. Details: https://wingware.com/news/2021-08-31 Downloads: https://wingware.com/downloads == About Wing == Wing is a light-weight but full-featured Python IDE designed specifically for Python, with powerful editing, code inspection, testing, and debugging capabilities. Wing's deep code analysis provides auto-completion, auto-editing, and refactoring that speed up development. Its top notch debugger works with any Python code, locally or on a remote host, container, or cluster. Wing also supports test-driven development, version control, UI color and layout customization, and includes extensive documentation and support. Wing is available in three product levels: Wing Pro is the full-featured Python IDE for professional developers, Wing Personal is a free Python IDE for students and hobbyists (omits some features), and Wing 101 is a very simplified free Python IDE for beginners (omits many features). Learn more at https://wingware.com/

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( AI retail store inventory control.)
by Alex Kaye Sept. 1, 2021

Sept. 1, 2021

Looking for Python package to develop positive inventory control for a chain of stores. Alex kaye

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Mutually exclusive options with argparse.
by hongy...＠gmail.com Sept. 1, 2021

Sept. 1, 2021

See the following code snippets [1] for implementation of the exclusive options with argparse: def query_builder(args): if args.r and args.s: sys.exit(Term.FAIL + 'Only one of -re and -sql should be set' + Term.ENDC) sum_status = sum(1 for x in [args.failure, args.code != -1] if x) if sum_status > 1: sys.exit(Term.FAIL + ('Only one of --failure and --code has to be set') + Term.ENDC) [1] https://github.com/hongyi-zhao/recent2/blob/5486afbd56a6b06bb149a3ea969fb33… It seems that the above method is awkward, but I'm out of idea to work out more graceful solutions. Any comment/suggestion/enhancement will be highly appreciated. Regards, HY

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PEP Idea: Real private attribute
by Mehrzad Saremi Sept. 1, 2021

Sept. 1, 2021

Python currently uses name mangling for double-underscore attributes. Name mangling is not an ideal method to avoid name conflicting. There are various normal programming patterns that can simply cause name conflicting in double-underscore members. A typical example is when a class is re-decorated using the same decorator. The decorator can not take double-underscore members without name conflicts. For example: ``` @custom_decorator("a") @custom_decorator("b") class C: pass ``` The `@custom_decorator` wrapper may need to hold private members, but Python's current name conflict resolution does not provide any solution and the decorator cannot hold private members without applying tricky programming methods. Another example is when a class inherits from a base class of the same name. ``` class View: """A class representing a view of an object; similar to numpy.ndarray.view""" pass class Object: class View(View): """A view class costumized for objects of type Object""" pass ``` Again, in this example, class `Object.View` can't take double-underscore names without conflicting with `View`'s. My idea is to introduce real private members (by which I do not mean to be inaccessible from outside the class, but to be guaranteed not to conflict with other private members of the same object). These private members are started with triple underscores and are stored in a separate dictionary named `__privs__`. Unlike `__dict__` that takes 'str' keys, `__privs__` will be a double layer dictionary that takes 'type' keys in the first level, and 'str' keys in the second level. For example, assume that the user runs the following code: ``` class C: def __init__(self, value): self.___member = value c = C("my value") ``` On the last line, Python's attribute setter creates a new entry in the dictionary with key `C`, adds the value "my value" to a new entry with the key 'member'. The user can then retrieve `c.___member` by invoking the `__privs__` dictionary: ``` print(c.__privs__[C]['member']) # prints 'my value' ``` Note that, unlike class names, class objects are unique and there will not be any conflicts. Python classes are hashable and can be dictionary keys. Personally, I do not see any disadvantage of using __privs__ over name mangling/double-underscores. While name mangling does not truly guarantee conflict resolution, __privs__ does. Please discuss the idea, let me know what you think about it, whether there are possible disadvantages, and if you think it will be approved as a PEP. Thanks, Mehrzad Saremi AI M.Sc. grad. from AUT

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Re: Create a real-time interactive TUI using Python.
by hongy...＠gmail.com Sept. 1, 2021

Sept. 1, 2021

On Wednesday, September 1, 2021 at 12:49:51 AM UTC+8, Chris Angelico wrote: > On Wed, Sep 1, 2021 at 1:59 AM hongy...(a)gmail.com <hongy...(a)gmail.com> wrote: > > > > I want to know whether python can be used to create real-time interactive TUI, as hstr [1] does. > > > > [1] https://github.com/dvorka/hstr > > > Yes. The following are some python TUI framework libraries/projects I have discovered so far: https://github.com/pfalcon/picotui https://github.com/peterbrittain/asciimatics https://github.com/bczsalba/pytermgui https://github.com/GeorgeFilipkin/pulsemixer https://github.com/jwlodek/py_cui https://github.com/saulpw/visidata https://github.com/willmcgugan/textual https://github.com/urwid/urwid HY

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Request for argmax(list) and argmin(list)
by ABCCDE921 Sept. 1, 2021

Sept. 1, 2021

I dont want to import numpy argmax(list) returns index of (left most) max element argmin(list) returns index of (left most) min element

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my python progress
by songbird Sept. 1, 2021

Sept. 1, 2021

i've had some fun recently when i've had a chance to work on it. i needed some kind of project that would encourage me to learn more python. i still consider myself very new to the language and a long ways to go (and i don't consider the code as a great example, but it is progress to me in my own understanding of python). pyglet the opengl graphics modules have been providing some fun too. here is my recent update to this project: https://github.com/flowerbug/npath which took the following code and then changes it into a more general framework and then as a practical result i was able to use this framework to create and test the first version of the class (posted at the bottom). https://github.com/flowerbug/ngfp one thing i would like to have is a version of the GIMP button border code converted from the GIMP version of lisp to python. i used to be fluent enough in lisp that i can actually figure out most of what the code does but i am not familiar enough with GIMP and graphics to fully understand the code to be able to convert it. if you are up for the challenge i would appreciate it. ===== ; GIMP - The GNU Image Manipulation Program ; Copyright (C) 1995 Spencer Kimball and Peter Mattis ; ; This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify ; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or ; (at your option) any later version. ; ; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ; GNU General Public License for more details. ; ; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ; along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. ; ; Copyright (C) 1997 Andy Thomas alt(a)picnic.demon.co.uk ; ; Version 0.2 10.6.97 Changed to new script-fu interface in 0.99.10 ; Delta the color by the given amount. Check for boundary conditions ; If < 0 set to zero ; If > 255 set to 255 ; Return the new value (define (script-fu-addborder aimg adraw xsize ysize color dvalue) (define (deltacolor col delta) (let* ((newcol (+ col delta))) (if (< newcol 0) (set! newcol 0)) (if (> newcol 255) (set! newcol 255)) newcol ) ) (define (adjcolor col delta) (mapcar (lambda (x) (deltacolor x delta)) col) ) (define (gen_top_array xsize ysize owidth oheight width height) (let* ((n_array (cons-array 10 'double))) (aset n_array 0 0 ) (aset n_array 1 0 ) (aset n_array 2 xsize) (aset n_array 3 ysize) (aset n_array 4 (+ xsize owidth)) (aset n_array 5 ysize) (aset n_array 6 width) (aset n_array 7 0 ) (aset n_array 8 0 ) (aset n_array 9 0 ) n_array) ) (define (gen_left_array xsize ysize owidth oheight width height) (let* ((n_array (cons-array 10 'double))) (aset n_array 0 0 ) (aset n_array 1 0 ) (aset n_array 2 xsize) (aset n_array 3 ysize) (aset n_array 4 xsize) (aset n_array 5 (+ ysize oheight)) (aset n_array 6 0 ) (aset n_array 7 height ) (aset n_array 8 0 ) (aset n_array 9 0 ) n_array) ) (define (gen_right_array xsize ysize owidth oheight width height) (let* ((n_array (cons-array 10 'double))) (aset n_array 0 width ) (aset n_array 1 0 ) (aset n_array 2 (+ xsize owidth)) (aset n_array 3 ysize) (aset n_array 4 (+ xsize owidth)) (aset n_array 5 (+ ysize oheight)) (aset n_array 6 width) (aset n_array 7 height) (aset n_array 8 width ) (aset n_array 9 0 ) n_array) ) (define (gen_bottom_array xsize ysize owidth oheight width height) (let* ((n_array (cons-array 10 'double))) (aset n_array 0 0 ) (aset n_array 1 height) (aset n_array 2 xsize) (aset n_array 3 (+ ysize oheight)) (aset n_array 4 (+ xsize owidth)) (aset n_array 5 (+ ysize oheight)) (aset n_array 6 width) (aset n_array 7 height) (aset n_array 8 0 ) (aset n_array 9 height) n_array) ) (let* ((img (car (gimp-item-get-image adraw))) (owidth (car (gimp-image-get-width img))) (oheight (car (gimp-image-get-height img))) (width (+ owidth (* 2 xsize))) (height (+ oheight (* 2 ysize))) (layer (car (gimp-layer-new img width height (car (gimp-drawable-type-with-alpha adraw)) _"Border Layer" 100 LAYER-MODE-NORMAL)))) (gimp-context-push) (gimp-context-set-paint-mode LAYER-MODE-NORMAL) (gimp-context-set-opacity 100.0) (gimp-context-set-antialias FALSE) (gimp-context-set-feather FALSE) (gimp-image-undo-group-start img) (gimp-image-resize img width height xsize ysize) (gimp-image-insert-layer img layer 0 0) (gimp-drawable-fill layer FILL-TRANSPARENT) (gimp-context-set-background (adjcolor color dvalue)) (gimp-image-select-polygon img CHANNEL-OP-REPLACE 10 (gen_top_array xsize ysize owidth oheight width height)) (gimp-drawable-edit-fill layer FILL-BACKGROUND) (gimp-context-set-background (adjcolor color (/ dvalue 2))) (gimp-image-select-polygon img CHANNEL-OP-REPLACE 10 (gen_left_array xsize ysize owidth oheight width height)) (gimp-drawable-edit-fill layer FILL-BACKGROUND) (gimp-context-set-background (adjcolor color (- 0 (/ dvalue 2)))) (gimp-image-select-polygon img CHANNEL-OP-REPLACE 10 (gen_right_array xsize ysize owidth oheight width height)) (gimp-drawable-edit-fill layer FILL-BACKGROUND) (gimp-context-set-background (adjcolor color (- 0 dvalue))) (gimp-image-select-polygon img CHANNEL-OP-REPLACE 10 (gen_bottom_array xsize ysize owidth oheight width height)) (gimp-drawable-edit-fill layer FILL-BACKGROUND) (gimp-selection-none img) (gimp-image-undo-group-end img) (gimp-displays-flush) (gimp-context-pop) ) ) (script-fu-register "script-fu-addborder" _"Add _Border..." _"Add a border around an image" "Andy Thomas <alt(a)picnic.demon.co.uk>" "Andy Thomas" "6/10/97" "*" SF-IMAGE "Input image" 0 SF-DRAWABLE "Input drawable" 0 SF-ADJUSTMENT _"Border X size" '(12 1 250 1 10 0 1) SF-ADJUSTMENT _"Border Y size" '(12 1 250 1 10 0 1) SF-COLOR _"Border color" '(38 31 207) SF-ADJUSTMENT _"Delta value on color" '(25 1 255 1 10 0 1) ) (script-fu-menu-register "script-fu-addborder" "<Image>/Filters/Decor") ===== my own simpler version of a bordered button class is below, but i have not fully tested it yet, but it works for the square version that i'm using at the moment. i'll have to update my progam a bit some more to test out the rectangular version (that's my next bit of challenge). ===== from math import sqrt import pyglet from pyglet.image import SolidColorImagePattern, ImageData class SolidColorButtonImagePattern(SolidColorImagePattern): """Creates a beveled button image filled with a solid color.""" def __init__(self, color=(0, 0, 0, 0), border_color=(0,0,0,255)): """Create a beveled image pattern with color and blend the border towards border_color. :Parameters: `color` : (int, int, int, int) 4-tuple of ints in range [0,255] giving RGBA components of color to fill with. `border_color` : (int, int, int, int) 4-tuple of ints in range [0,255] giving RGBA components of the border color to blend towards. """ if len(color) != 4: raise TypeError("color is expected to have 4 components") self.color = list(color) self.border_color = list(border_color) def create_image(self, width, height): data = self.color * width * height if (width < 3) or (height < 3): print ("width or height < 3 : ", width, height, " No Border Applied to image.") img_data = ImageData(width, height, 'RGBA', bytes(data)) return img_data x_border = int(width / sqrt(width)) y_border = int(height / sqrt(height)) if (x_border == 0): x_border = 1 if (y_border == 0): y_border = 1 # make the borders are uniform make sure they are the same size # even if the width and height of the tiles are different if (x_border != y_border): y_border = (x_border + x_border) // 2 x_border = y_border # how many gradient steps to use for each part of the color and alpha step_x_red = (self.border_color[0] - self.color[0]) / x_border step_y_red = (self.border_color[0] - self.color[0]) / y_border step_x_green = (self.border_color[1] - self.color[1]) / x_border step_y_green = (self.border_color[1] - self.color[1]) / y_border step_x_blue = (self.border_color[2] - self.color[2]) / x_border step_y_blue = (self.border_color[2] - self.color[2]) / y_border step_x_alpha = (self.border_color[3] - self.color[3]) / x_border step_y_alpha = (self.border_color[3] - self.color[3]) / y_border # bottom and top row(s) red_x = self.border_color[0] green_x = self.border_color[1] blue_x = self.border_color[2] alpha_x = self.border_color[3] for x in range(x_border): for y in range(width-(x*2)): indx_lower = (x*width*4)+((y+x)*4) indx_upper = ((height-(x+1))*width*4)+((y+x)*4) data[indx_lower] = int(red_x) data[indx_upper] = int(red_x) data[indx_lower+1] = int(green_x) data[indx_upper+1] = int(green_x) data[indx_lower+2] = int(blue_x) data[indx_upper+2] = int(blue_x) data[indx_lower+3] = int(alpha_x) data[indx_upper+3] = int(alpha_x) red_x -= step_x_red green_x -= step_x_green blue_x -= step_x_blue alpha_x -= step_x_alpha # left and right col(s) red_y = self.border_color[0] green_y = self.border_color[1] blue_y = self.border_color[2] alpha_y = self.border_color[3] for x in range(y_border): for y in range(height-(x*2)): indx_left = (((y+x)*height)+(x))*4 indx_right = (((y+x)*height)+(width-x-1))*4 data[indx_left] = int(red_y) data[indx_right] = int(red_y) data[indx_left+1] = int(green_y) data[indx_right+1] = int(green_y) data[indx_left+2] = int(blue_y) data[indx_right+2] = int(blue_y) data[indx_left+3] = int(alpha_y) data[indx_right+3] = int(alpha_y) red_y -= step_y_red green_y -= step_y_green blue_y -= step_y_blue alpha_y -= step_y_alpha img_data = ImageData(width, height, 'RGBA', bytes(data)) return img_data ===== so never give up hope of teaching an old dog some new tricks. :) songbird

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Re: Create a real-time interactive TUI using Python.
by Christian Gollwitzer Sept. 1, 2021

Sept. 1, 2021

Am 31.08.21 um 18:49 schrieb Chris Angelico: > On Wed, Sep 1, 2021 at 1:59 AM hongy...(a)gmail.com <hongyi.zhao(a)gmail.com> wrote: >> >> I want to know whether python can be used to create real-time interactive TUI, as hstr [1] does. >> >> [1] https://github.com/dvorka/hstr >> > > Yes. I think he also would like to know, how to achieve this ;) This kind of interface is usually done with the "curses"-library. There is a Python version of it, see e.g. here https://docs.python.org/3/howto/curses.html Christian

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RE: urgent (actually NOT urgent at all.)
by Avi Gross Sept. 1, 2021

Sept. 1, 2021

This is a bit sillier then some other discussions here! There are many programs (especially back when more command-line programs were used) that presented default prompts like "$" and many or most of them let you over-ride it. Can someone tell this person that if >>> is not pleasing, they can do something like: import sys sys.ps1 = "what do you wish Mistress? -=> " And this can be set per session or perhaps across all accounts in an installation as a default? Some people focus on minutiae rather than either accept a language as being what it is, or finding a different way that meets their needs. I occasionally have made the prompt empty for a while so I can more easily do cut and paste from it. All that is needed for some is to make whatever prompt be somewhat unique among the other prompts they normally face. Sure, on some screens there are ways to add color or even odd characters and graphics to some prompts but who needs sexy? Realistically, many of us do so much of the programming elsewhere as in some editor or environment, and especially a language like python where indentation levels are strictly a part of the language. -----Original Message----- From: Python-list <python-list-bounces+avigross=verizon.net(a)python.org> On Behalf Of Barry Sent: Tuesday, August 31, 2021 7:02 PM Cc: Python-list(a)python.org Subject: Re: urgent > On 31 Aug 2021, at 16:53, jak <nospam(a)please.ty> wrote: > > Il 31/08/2021 03:05, Python ha scritto: >> Hari wrote: >>> i was download ur python software but it is like boring user >>> interface for me like young student to learn ,can u have any updates? >> God, let me die please... > > Oh no, please don't speak in that way ... evidently now that python > has reached its tenth version its prompt is a little boring. It may > need to be replaced. You could open a competition notice to vote on > the new prompt. I would vote for: > > :^P> The big problem with >>> is that it means a third level quote in email clients. So when people cut-n-paste REPL output it’s formatted badly by email clients. A prompt that avoided that issue would be nice. >>> print(“this is not a quoted reply”) Barry > > rofl > -- > https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

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