🌐 Mailman 3 October 2022 - Python-list - python.org

>>> %matplotlib inline results in SyntaxError: invalid syntax
by Mike S Dec. 25, 2023

Dec. 25, 2023

I have installed Python 3.4.4 on XPSP3 and am trying to work my way through this tutorial. A Complete Tutorial on Ridge and Lasso Regression in Python http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/01/complete-tutorial-ridge-lasso-r… In Step 2 "Why Penalize the Magnitude of Coefficients?" we are shown this code: #Importing libraries. The same will be used throughout the article. import numpy as np import pandas as pd import random import matplotlib.pyplot as plt %matplotlib inline I get an error on the last line. I am running this code in Idle Python 3.4.4 Shell... Python 3.4.4 (v3.4.4:737efcadf5a6, Dec 20 2015, 19:28:18) [MSC v.1600 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. >>> import numpy as np >>> import pandas as pd >>> import random >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt >>> %matplotlib inline SyntaxError: invalid syntax What am I doing wrong? Suggested reading? TIA, Mike

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Re: How to add CC and BCC while sending mails using python
by akegb3＠gmail.com June 20, 2023

June 20, 2023

On Tuesday, September 30, 2008 8:00:16 AM UTC-8, Bernhard Walle wrote: > Hi, > > * cindy jones [2008-09-30 19:57]: > > > > Can someone tel me how to add cc's and bcc's while sending mails using > > python > > Following (tested) snippet should help: > > ------------------ 8< ------------------------------ > from smtplib import SMTP > from email.mime.image import MIMEImage > from email.mime.text import MIMEText > from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart > > to = 'to_address(a)example.invalid' > cc = 'cc_address(a)example.invalid' > bcc = 'bcc_address(a)example.invalid' > > msg = MIMEMultipart() > msg['To'] = to > msg['Cc'] = cc > msg['From'] = 'bernhard(a)bwalle.de' > msg['Subject'] = 'Test' > text = MIMEText('Das ist ein Test') > text.add_header("Content-Disposition", "inline") > msg.attach(text) > > s = SMTP('test.smtp.relay') > s.sendmail(msg['From'], [to, cc, bcc], msg.as_string()) > s.quit() > ------------------ >8 ------------------------------ > > > Regards, > Bernhard Hello Bernhard, I've tried the above code and the bcc address does not receive the message, on the To & CC addresses receive it. Here are snippets from my code, perhaps something will stand out to you? to = 'ed(a)domain.gov' cc = 'ed(a)gmailmail.com' bcc = 'ed(a)home.net' msg = MIMEMultipart() msg['To'] = to msg['Cc'] = cc msg['Subject'] = 'My Subject text here' msg['From'] = 'edsboss(a)domain.gov' smtp = SMTP("smtpserver") smtp.ehlo() smtp.sendmail(msg['From'], [to, cc, bcc], msg.as_string()) Thanks in advance..hope you're still out there!! ~Ed

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Re: Cannot import gdal in jupyter notebook
by Abdul Haseeb Azizi Dec. 17, 2022

Dec. 17, 2022

On Tuesday, October 11, 2022 at 10:29:34 PM UTC+2, MRAB wrote: > On 2022-10-11 20:38, Thomas Passin wrote: > > On Windows, when I tried to install gdal using pip, it needed to compile > > part of it. I'm not set up with the Microsoft compiler and header > > files, so that failed. If you are on Windows, you will need to look for > > a binary wheel to install, or install and configure the compiler and > > header files. > > > The PyPI page at https://pypi.org/project/GDAL/ has this: > > """ > Conda > GDAL can be quite complex to build and install, particularly on Windows > and MacOS. Pre built binaries are provided for the conda system: > > https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/ > > By the conda-forge project: > > https://conda-forge.org/ > """ > > > On 10/11/2022 11:53 AM, Abdul Haseeb Azizi wrote: > >> Hi everyone, > >> I am new to python and I am trying to utilize this code "from osgeo import gdal". I installed python 3.10 and also I installed anaconda3 to solve this matter but I could not succeed. When I run that code I get the following error. > >> --------------------------------------------------------------------------- > >> ModuleNotFoundError Traceback (most recent call last) > >> Cell In [1], line 1 > >> ----> 1 from osgeo import gdal > >> > >> ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'osgeo' > >> > >> I also tried to create anaconda environment and enter the following codes: > >> conda crate --name pygdal > >> conda activate pygdal > >> conda install -c conda-forge gdal > >> > >> I don't what is the problem. Any help is appreciated to solve this matter. > >> Looking forward to hear from you. > >> > >> with regards > >> Abdul > > Thanks a lot for your recommendations. As I mentioned before I installed conda and also created conda environment using the following codes: Step 1: Create conda environment conda create --name venv After creating the virtual environment, by default it will install some of the packages. Step 2: Installation of gdal conda install -c conda-forge gdal Step 3: Installation of ipykernel conda install -c anaconda ipykernel Step 4: Add ipykernel and run jupyternotebook python -m ipykernel install --user --name=venv jupyter notebook still I get the following error: %pip install gdal Requirement already satisfied: gdal in c:\users\abdul\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (3.4.1) Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages. from osgeo import gdal --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ImportError Traceback (most recent call last) File ~\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\osgeo\__init__.py:29, in swig_import_helper() 28 try: ---> 29 return importlib.import_module(mname) 30 except ImportError: File ~\anaconda3\lib\importlib\__init__.py:127, in import_module(name, package) 126 level += 1 --> 127 return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) File <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:1030, in _gcd_import(name, package, level) File <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:1007, in _find_and_load(name, import_) File <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:986, in _find_and_load_unlocked(name, import_) File <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:666, in _load_unlocked(spec) File <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:565, in module_from_spec(spec) File <frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>:1173, in create_module(self, spec) File <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:228, in _call_with_frames_removed(f, *args, **kwds) ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _gdal: The specified module could not be found. During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: ImportError Traceback (most recent call last) Input In [1], in <cell line: 1>() ----> 1 from osgeo import gdal File ~\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\osgeo\__init__.py:45, in <module> 41 raise ImportError(traceback_string + '\n' + msg) 42 return importlib.import_module('_gdal') ---> 45 _gdal = swig_import_helper() 46 del swig_import_helper 48 __version__ = _gdal.__version__ = _gdal.VersionInfo("RELEASE_NAME") File ~\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\osgeo\__init__.py:41, in swig_import_helper() 39 import traceback 40 traceback_string = ''.join(traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info())) ---> 41 raise ImportError(traceback_string + '\n' + msg) 42 return importlib.import_module('_gdal') ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\abdul\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\osgeo\__init__.py", line 29, in swig_import_helper return importlib.import_module(mname) File "C:\Users\abdul\anaconda3\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 666, in _load_unlocked File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 565, in module_from_spec File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 1173, in create_module File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _gdal: The specified module could not be found. On Windows, with Python >= 3.8, DLLs are no longer imported from the PATH. If gdalXXX.dll is in the PATH, then set the USE_PATH_FOR_GDAL_PYTHON=YES environment variable to feed the PATH into os.add_dll_directory(). I hope you could look at the errors and guide me to solve this problem. with regards Abdul

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Re: for -- else: what was the motivation?
by Weatherby,Gerard Nov. 5, 2022

Nov. 5, 2022

As did I. tree = ET.parse(lfile) for child in tree.getroot(): if child.tag == 'server': break else: raise ValueError(f"server tag not found in {lfile}") I think there are other places I could be using it, but honestly I tend to forget it’s available. From: Python-list <python-list-bounces+gweatherby=uchc.edu(a)python.org> on behalf of Stefan Ram <ram(a)zedat.fu-berlin.de> Date: Wednesday, October 12, 2022 at 2:22 PM To: python-list(a)python.org <python-list(a)python.org> Subject: Re: for -- else: what was the motivation? *** Attention: This is an external email. Use caution responding, opening attachments or clicking on links. *** Axy <axy(a)declassed.art> writes: >So, seriously, why they needed else if the following pieces produce same >result? Does anyone know or remember their motivation? Just wrote code wherein I used "else"! This: import locale for name in( 'de', 'de_DE', 'deu_deu', 'deu', 'German', 'Deutsch' ): try: locale.setlocale( locale.LC_ALL, name ); break except locale.Error: pass else: print( "Programm kann deutsche Schreibweise nicht einrichten." ) . -- https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python…<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-…>

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Re: Problems with IDLE in Windows 8.1 and installer x86 Version 3.10.8
by Eryk Sun Nov. 1, 2022

Nov. 1, 2022

On 10/31/22, darkstone(a)o2online.de <darkstone(a)o2online.de> wrote: > > I installed the Standard Distribution from python.org again, and i ensured, > that the checkmark test Suite is enabled. Idle does’nt start. The installer > says “Installation successfully” at the end. > > What went wrong and how can I further delimit the fault/find the error? Open a command prompt and run the following command: py -3.10-32 -m idlelib If it fails, an exception and traceback should be printed to the console.

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Re: Operator: inappropriate wording?
by elas tica Oct. 31, 2022

Oct. 31, 2022

Le mercredi 26 octobre 2022 à 22:12:59 UTC+2, Weatherby,Gerard a ecrit : > No. If the docs say in one place a comma is not an operator, they shouldn’t call it an operator in another place. > > I’ve submitted a pull request https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/98736 -- we’ll have to see what The Powers That Be think. Thanks for the (merged) pull request about the "comma operator"! I return to the last two quotes in the Reference Document regarding these so-called "assignment operators". The entry in the glossary explains that the comma symbol is not an operator. Well, I just realized that this same entry also explains that the = symbol is not an operator, as you can see by reading the end of their response: The same is true of the various assignment operators (=, += etc). They are not truly operators but syntactic delimiters in assignment statements. (glossary entry link: https://docs.python.org/3/faq/programming.html#what-s-up-with-the-comma-ope…) Talking about an assignment operator in Python is even more confusing because, since Python 3.8, there is a real assignment operator, namely the walrus operator. As explained above, the correct expression would be "assignement delimiter" or "assignement statement" or "assignement symbol". By the way, Alex Martelli shares this view, explaining: The "=" operator in Python ... doesn't exist, since '=' is not an operator in Python (just like it isn't, say, in VB). But, OK, you mean "assignment". (source: https://groups.google.com/g/comp.lang.python/c/K6HfK6HANR4/m/OG9QBzFmTR8J)

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Re: Fwd: A typing question
by Paulo da Silva Oct. 31, 2022

Oct. 31, 2022

Às 22:34 de 29/10/22, dn escreveu: > Out of interest, tested snippet in PyCharm, cf native-mypy. It flags the > original: > > GLOBALS.foos: Optional[Foos]=Foos() > > but not the fall-back: > > GLOBALS.foos=Foos() > > > Must admit, the first query coming to mind was: why is the typing taking > place at initialisation-time, rather than within the (class) definition? > At definition time "foos" has already been typed as None by implication! > > > Solution (below) will not work if the mention of Foos in GLOBALS is a > forward-reference. Either move GLOBALS to suit, or surround "Foos" with > quotes. This is the problem for me. So far, without typing, I used to have some config and globals classes, mostly to just group definitions an make the program more readable. A matter of taste and style. Now, "typing" is breaking this, mostly because of this forward reference issue. The funny thing is that if I replace foos by Foos it works because it gets known by the initial initialization :-) ! ________________________ from typing import List, Optional class GLOBALS: Foos: Optional[Foos]=None class Foo: def __init__(self): pass class Foos: Foos: List[Foo]=[] # SOME GLOBALS ARE USED HERE def __init__(self): pass GLOBALS.Foos=Foos() ________________________ > > > Also, these days (Python version allowing) importing "List" is > unnecessary. Instead could use "list". > > > > On 30/10/2022 10.23, Sam Ezeh wrote: >> Do you want the following? >> >> ``` >> from typing import List, Optional >> >> >> class GLOBALS: >> foos: Optional[Foos] = None >> >> >> class Foo: >> def __init__(self): >> pass >> >> >> class Foos: >> Foos: List[Foo] = [] >> >> def __init__(self): >> pass >> >> >> GLOBALS.foos = Foos() >> ``` >> >> Kind regards, >> Sam Ezeh >> >> On Sat, 29 Oct 2022 at 22:13, Paulo da Silva < >> p_d_a_s_i_l_v_a_ns(a)nonetnoaddress.pt> wrote: >> >>> Hi! >>> >>> Consider this simple script ... >>> >>> ___________________ >>> from typing import List, Optional >>> >>> class GLOBALS: >>> foos=None >>> >>> class Foo: >>> >>> def __init__(self): >>> pass >>> >>> class Foos: >>> Foos: List[Foo]=[] >>> # SOME GLOBALS ARE USED HERE in a real script >>> >>> def __init__(self): >>> pass >>> >>> GLOBALS.foos: Optional[Foos]=Foos() >>> ___________________ >>> >>> Running mypy on it: >>> pt9.py:18: error: Type cannot be declared in assignment to non-self >>> attribute >>> pt9.py:18: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type >>> "Foos", variable has type "None") >>> Line 18 is last line and pt9.py is the scrip. >>> >>> Replacing last line by >>> GLOBALS.foos=Foos() >>> and running mypy still gives the second error. >>> pt9.py:18: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type >>> "Foos", variable has type "None") >>> >>> What is the common practice in these cases? >>> >>> Thank you. >>> >>> -- >>> https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list >>> >

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Re: Fwd: A typing question
by dn Oct. 31, 2022

Oct. 31, 2022

On 01/11/2022 01.56, Stefan Ram wrote: > dn <PythonList(a)DancesWithMice.info> writes: >> On 31/10/2022 11.44, Chris Angelico wrote: > ... >>> I'm curious to what extent sloppy English correlates with sloppy code. > ... >> When it comes to CVs/resumés (see what I did there?), I must admit that >> the most egregious of errors in spelling or grammar do ensure that an >> applicant's 'work' is quickly routed to "file 13" (an American-English >> term, many other English-speakers will not have heard previously). > > This discussion reminds me of something Eric Raymond said: > > |While sloppy writing does not invariably mean sloppy thinking, > |we've generally found the correlation to be strong -- and we > |have no use for sloppy thinkers. If you can't yet write > |competently, learn to. > Eric Raymond > > . Other relevant quotations are: > > |Besides a mathematical inclination, an exceptionally good > |mastery of one's native tongue is the most vital asset of a > |competent programmer. > Edsgar Dijkstra > > |I've found that some of the best [Software ]developers > |of all are English majors. They'll often graduate with > |no programming experience at all, and certainly without > |a clue about the difference between DRAM and EPROM. > | > |But they can write. That's the art of conveying > |information concisely and clearly. Software development > |and writing are both the art of knowing what you're going > |to do, and then lucidly expressing your ideas. > | > Jack Ganssle > > |The narrative measures of conjunction use, event > |content, perspective shift, and mental state reference > |were significantly predictive of later Math scores. > "Evidence of a Relation between Early Narrative and ..." (2004) > - DK O’Neill > > |I have never, ever, ever seen a great software developer > |who does not have amazing attention to detail. > (2006-08-20) - Rob Walling +1 Thanks for these! -- Regards, =dn

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Problems with IDLE in Windows 8.1 and installer x86 Version 3.10.8
by darkstone＠o2online.de Oct. 31, 2022

Oct. 31, 2022

Dear Sir or Madam, i uninstalled this, because my Idle doesn’t start by clicking on the Icon. Are there any Solutions for the problem? Thanks, André

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an oop question
by Julieta Shem Oct. 31, 2022

Oct. 31, 2022

I have a question about a particular case I'm working on. I'm studying OOP. To ask the question, I'm going to have to introduce you my context here, so you'll need to bear with me. If you'd like to see the question right away, go to the section ``My difficulty in encapsulating a union''. (*) Introduction I wrote the classes class Empty: ... class Pair: ... With them, I can (sort of) make a union of them and build a Lisp-like list by defining that my Lisp-like list is either Empty or a Pair. For instance, here's a Lisp-like sequence that represents the string "abc". >>> Pair.fromIterable("abc") Pair('a', Pair('b', Pair('c', Empty()))) So far so good. (``Full'' code at the end of this message, if you'd like to more carefully look into my reasoning there.) (*) How to build a stack? These Lisp-like sequences are clearly a stack. You pop an element from it by grabbing the first element. You push an element on to it by just pairing the new element with the current stack. For instance, let's pop the 1-string "a" off of the stack. >>> ls = Pair.fromIterable("abc") >>> ls.first 'a' >>> ls = ls.rest >>> ls Pair('b', Pair('c', Empty())) Done. Let's push it back on. >>> ls = Pair("a", ls) >>> ls Pair('a', Pair('b', Pair('c', Empty()))) So far so good, but when it comes to building a better user interface for it I have no idea how to do it. I think one of the purposes of OOP is to organize code hierarchically so that we can reuse what we wrote. So I tried to make a Stack by inheriting Pair. class Stack(Pair): pass >>> Stack(1, Empty()) Stack(1, Empty()) Then I wrote pop and push. >>> Stack(1, Empty()).pop() 1 >>> Stack(1, Empty()).push(2) Stack(2, Stack(1, Empty())) So far so good. Now let me show you what I can't do. (*) The difficulty of encapsulating a union The Lisp-like sequences we're building here are union-like data structures. A /sequence/ is either Empty() or Pair(..., /sequence/). I have not found a way to represent this either-or datastructure with a class. For example, there is no way right now to build an empty Stack by invoking the Stack constructor. >>> Stack() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: Pair.__init__() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'first' and 'rest' As I designed, an empty Stack is represented by Empty(), which is a whole other object. Users will have to know this. I wish I did not have to burden my users with such knowledge. For instance, I wish the answer was "Stack()" to the question of -- ``how can I build an empty stack?'' My desire seems to imply that I need a union-like data structure. If Stack is invoked with no arguments, it should produce Empty(), otherwise it produces Pair() as it does today. How can I achieve that? (*) Code class Pair: def __init__(self, first, rest): if not isinstance(rest, Pair) and not isinstance(rest, Empty): raise ValueError("rest must be Empty or Pair") self.first = first self.rest = rest def fromIterable(it): if len(it) == 0: return Empty() else: return Pair(it[0], Pair.fromIterable(it[1:])) def __str__(self): return "{}({!r}, {})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.first, str(self.rest)) def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __len__(self): return 1 + self.rest.__len__() class Empty: def __len__(self): return 0 def __str__(self): return "Empty()" def __repr__(self): return self.__str__() def __new__(clss): if not hasattr(clss, "saved"): clss.saved = super().__new__(clss) return clss.saved class Stack(Pair): def pop(self): return self.first def push(self, x): return Stack(x, self)

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