🌐 Mailman 3 November 2021 - Tutor - python.org

Scripting Calligra sheets with Python
by Jim Byrnes Jan. 31, 2022

Jan. 31, 2022

I am trying to script Calligra Sheets (formerly KSpread) with python. I have gotten some of the included example scripts to run so I know python scripting is running. I found the following snippet on their website: import KSpread sheet = KSpread.view().sheet() # swap text of B5 and C6 t1 = sheet.text("B5") t2 = sheet.text(6,3) sheet.setText("B5", t2) sheet.setText(6, 3, t1) # swap value of D7 and E8 v1 = sheet.value("D7") v2 = sheet.value(8,5) sheet.setValue("D7", v2) sheet.setValue(8, 5, v1) Error: 'str' object has no attribute 'text' File "file:///usr/share/kde4/apps/sheets/scripts/extensions/myswap.py", line 4, in <module> This error message appeared in a dialog box. I've taught myself some Python but I don't understand what is happening here. Shouldn't t1 be a sheet object? What would cause it to be a str instead? Thanks, Jim

5 8

Re: [Tutor] Error When Using CoolProp
by Bernard Marjaba Dec. 10, 2021

Dec. 10, 2021

Hello, Yeah sure I’m checking with them as well. Meanwhile, this is a purely python related error following what you suggested to me about installing the wheel package: I tried installing the wheel package using (venv) Bernards-MacBook-Pro:Python Bernard$ pip install /Users/Bernard/Downloads/CoolProp-6.4.1-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl but it gave me this error ERROR: CoolProp-6.4.1-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform. I assume this means that i need python 3.8 for this wheel to work, which I have. I typed python3 in terminal it gave me 3.8.10, i typed python3 in PyCharm and it gave me 3.9.5, how come? So i searched for python 3.9 in my MacBook and i couldn’t find any traces of it, except for in a project folder: /Users/Bernard/PycharmProjects/Isentropic SUS Model/venv/lib/python3.9 However, 3.8 exists in the Applications folder. Any idea how to remove all traces of 3.9? Thanks and regards, Bernard Marjaba (514) 922-9807 > On Nov 24, 2021, at 6:53 PM, Mats Wichmann <mats(a)wichmann.us> wrote: > > On 11/24/21 13:17, Bernard Marjaba wrote: >> Hello >> I am having trouble using CoolProp with python. I have macOS Big Sur 11.5.1 with python version 3.10. >> import CoolProp.CoolProp as CP >> is giving me the error ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘CoolProp.CoolProp’ because it is not installed. I am however using it with MATLAB with no issues. I assume each software has its own wrapper? >> So I tried installing CoolProp using pip install coolprop, and got the following error: >> Collecting coolprop >> Using cached CoolProp-6.4.1.tar.gz (12.9 MB) >> Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done >> Using legacy 'setup.py install' for coolprop, since package 'wheel' is not installed. >> Installing collected packages: coolprop >> Running setup.py install for coolprop ... error >> ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: >> command: '/Users/Bernard/PycharmProjects/Isentropic SUS Model/venv/bin/python' -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-install-z5afcrzx/coolprop_6739af7137474652994855ae32a03dd4/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-install-z5afcrzx/coolprop_6739af7137474652994855ae32a03dd4/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-record-8453i4i7/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers '/Users/Bernard/PycharmProjects/Isentropic SUS Model/venv/include/site/python3.9/coolprop' >> cwd: /private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-install-z5afcrzx/coolprop_6739af7137474652994855ae32a03dd4/ >> Complete output (79 lines): >> xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun >> OSX build detected, targetting 10.9 using clang/gcc v0.0. >> Cython will not be used; cy_ext is cpp >> running install >> /Users/Bernard/PycharmProjects/Isentropic SUS Model/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/command/install.py:34: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools. >> warnings.warn( >> running build >> running build_py >> creating build >> creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9 >> creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp >> copying CoolProp/constants.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp >> copying CoolProp/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp >> copying CoolProp/BibtexParser.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp >> copying CoolProp/HumidAirProp.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp >> copying CoolProp/State.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp >> creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/tests >> copying CoolProp/tests/runner.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/tests >> copying CoolProp/tests/test_plots.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/tests >> copying CoolProp/tests/test_Props.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/tests >> copying CoolProp/tests/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/tests >> copying CoolProp/tests/test_CoolPropState.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/tests >> creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/GUI >> copying CoolProp/GUI/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/GUI >> copying CoolProp/GUI/CoolPropGUI.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/GUI >> copying CoolProp/GUI/PsychScript.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/GUI >> creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/Plots >> copying CoolProp/Plots/ConsistencyPlots_pcsaft.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/Plots >> copying CoolProp/Plots/PsychChart.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/Plots >> copying CoolProp/Plots/SimpleCycles.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/Plots >> copying CoolProp/Plots/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/Plots >> copying CoolProp/Plots/psy.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/Plots >> copying CoolProp/Plots/Plots.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/Plots >> copying CoolProp/Plots/Common.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/Plots >> copying CoolProp/Plots/SimpleCyclesCompression.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/Plots >> copying CoolProp/Plots/ConsistencyPlots.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/Plots >> copying CoolProp/Plots/PsychScript.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/Plots >> copying CoolProp/Plots/Tests.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/Plots >> copying CoolProp/Plots/SimpleCyclesExpansion.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/Plots >> copying CoolProp/typedefs.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp >> copying CoolProp/CoolProp.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp >> copying CoolProp/State.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp >> copying CoolProp/cAbstractState.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp >> copying CoolProp/constants_header.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp >> copying CoolProp/AbstractState.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp >> copying CoolProp/Plots/psyrc -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/Plots >> running build_ext >> creating private >> creating private/var >> creating private/var/folders >> creating private/var/folders/1j >> creating private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn >> creating private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T >> creating private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-install-z5afcrzx >> creating private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-install-z5afcrzx/coolprop_6739af7137474652994855ae32a03dd4 >> gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -I/Users/Bernard/PycharmProjects/Isentropic SUS Model/venv/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9 -c /private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-install-z5afcrzx/coolprop_6739af7137474652994855ae32a03dd4/tmp0hdk2tsu.cpp -o private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-install-z5afcrzx/coolprop_6739af7137474652994855ae32a03dd4/tmp0hdk2tsu.o >> xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun >> gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -I/Users/Bernard/PycharmProjects/Isentropic SUS Model/venv/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9 -c /private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-install-z5afcrzx/coolprop_6739af7137474652994855ae32a03dd4/tmp0r3vfej0.cpp -o private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-install-z5afcrzx/coolprop_6739af7137474652994855ae32a03dd4/tmp0r3vfej0.o >> xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun >> gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -I/Users/Bernard/PycharmProjects/Isentropic SUS Model/venv/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9 -c /private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-install-z5afcrzx/coolprop_6739af7137474652994855ae32a03dd4/tmp93394q_4.cpp -o private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-install-z5afcrzx/coolprop_6739af7137474652994855ae32a03dd4/tmp93394q_4.o >> xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun >> Adding these shared_ptr compilation macros: [] >> building 'CoolProp.CoolProp' extension >> creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9 >> creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp >> creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/src >> creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/src/Backends >> creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/src/Backends/Cubics >> creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/src/Backends/Helmholtz >> creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/src/Backends/Helmholtz/Fluids >> creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/src/Backends/IF97 >> creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/src/Backends/Incompressible >> creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/src/Backends/PCSAFT >> creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/src/Backends/REFPROP >> creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/src/Backends/Tabular >> creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/src/Tests >> gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -I. -I./include -I./src -I./externals/Eigen -I./externals/fmtlib -I./externals/msgpack-c/include -I/Users/Bernard/PycharmProjects/Isentropic SUS Model/venv/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9 -c CoolProp/CoolProp.cpp -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.9/CoolProp/CoolProp.o >> xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun >> error: command '/usr/bin/gcc' failed with exit code 1 >> ---------------------------------------- >> ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: '/Users/Bernard/PycharmProjects/Isentropic SUS Model/venv/bin/python' -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-install-z5afcrzx/coolprop_6739af7137474652994855ae32a03dd4/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-install-z5afcrzx/coolprop_6739af7137474652994855ae32a03dd4/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/1j/jv39r0t12cb4dhscxkdz97740000gn/T/pip-record-8453i4i7/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers '/Users/Bernard/PycharmProjects/Isentropic SUS Model/venv/include/site/python3.9/coolprop' Check the logs for full command output. > > > looks like you probably don't have the command-line developer tools installed - it's separate from the main xcode install on MacOS. > > also, you might be able to install without the effort to build if you installed the wheel package first - see this error from early on: > > > Using legacy 'setup.py install' for coolprop, since package 'wheel' is not installed. > > I have no idea what CoolProp is, never heard of it, but a check here: > > https://pypi.org/project/CoolProp/#files <https://pypi.org/project/CoolProp/#files> > > shows there *is* a macosx wheel available for installation - at least as long as you're using no newer than Python 3.8. The project looks like it hasn't updated for a good long time so they haven't done anything for 3.9 or 3.10. That's probably cause for some worry... > > You'd be far better asking this kind of thing directly to the project in question, we won't be able to answer any further stuff from here.

2 5

The Python way and two dimensional lists
by Phil Dec. 8, 2021

Dec. 8, 2021

I hope my questions are not becoming too tiresome. It will require a major effort to rewrite my use of lists in the Python way and so I want to make sure that the first steps are correct. The first index refers to the columns and the second to the rows. num_rows = 9 num_cols = 9 solution = [[0 for i in range(num_cols)] for j in range(num_rows)] solution[0][0] = {7,3} solution[1][0] = {5} solution[2][0] = {4,8,6} solution[3][0] = {7,8} solution[4][0] = {1} solution[5][0] = {9,3} solution[6][0] = {7,9} solution[7][0] = {4,6,3} solution[8][0] = {2} solution[0][1] = {1,2,3} #print(solution) for col in solution: print(col[0]) print() for row in solution: print(row[1]) If I want to refer to column 6, is it the Python way to say x = col[6]? Also regarding enumeration. The following is a slight modification to Mats code and it gives me exactly what I want: row = [{7,3},{5},{4,8,6},{7,8},{1},{9,3},{7,9},{4,6,3},{2}] enum_row = enumerate(row) row_position = [] for index, enum_row in enumerate(row): print('enum_row ',enum_row ) if i in enum_row:#r: icount += 1 row_position.append(index) Now returning to the two dimensional list above and assuming that col[0] is referring to a row (just for this question only). I'm not sure if this is correct because of an error in another section of the code enum_row = enumerate(col[0]) # instead or row for index, enum_row in enumerate(col[0]): # instead or row print('enum_row ',enum_row ) if i in enum_row: icount += 1 This is where the error is occurring (also from Mats code): for s in set_list: for r in col[0]: # instead of row: if s.issubset(r): pairs[tuple(sorted(s))] += 1 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python3.9/idlelib/run.py", line 559, in runcode exec(code, self.locals) File "/home/phil/Python/set_count2.py", line 75, in <module> if s.issubset(r): TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable Confusion is setting in. I think my use of enumerate is correct and I think the way that I'm referencing a row from the solution list is correct. If both of those aren't the source of the error then it has to do with my use of sets. for r in col[0] doesn't give me the sets {7,3},{5} etc. Searching the Internet for information hasn't made me any wiser yet and again I'm sorry to burden the list members with my problems. -- Regards, Phil

7 32

Send SOAP to Proxy
by Joao Carlos Silva de Oliveira Matos Dec. 1, 2021

Dec. 1, 2021

I've been trying to access a WSDL Service via a SOAP protocol. But first I need to get to a proxy in my University because the server will only accept it as a client. I found Zeep as the main python library for this job. But I have not been successful in my tries. I know that I should use "HTTP". Another important note: IT from the University says my request are getting there as Web Application, meanwhile other requests are labeled as SOAP. I hope you could help me find a better way to write this script without getting error 403. These are some structures I've already tried: #01 session = Session() session.proxies = { 'http': 'http://proxy-ip-adress:8080' } transport=Transport(session=session) client = Client('http://webservice/path?wsdl', transport=transport) result = client.service.getMethod('params') print(result) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #02 client = Client('http://proxy-ip-adress:8080/path?wsdl') result = client.service.getMethod('params') print(result) I've also tried the transport docs from Transports — Zeep 4.1.0 documentation (python-zeep.org) <https://docs.python-zeep.org/en/master/transport.html> and I've tried setting session.trust_env = False. -- [image: Ficheiro:Brasão da UFOB.png – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre] João Carlos Silva de Oliveira Matos Bolsista de Inovação e Tecnologia PROFNIT - Centro das Humanidades - UFOB Mat. 2020100150

2 4

pylint(too-many-nested-blocks)
by Phil Dec. 1, 2021

Dec. 1, 2021

"https://pycodequ.al/docs/pylint-messages/r1702-too-many-nested-blocks.html" describes this error as: "Used when a function or method has too many nested blocks. This makes the code less understandable and maintainable." The following is one of several functions that fits this description and I'm wondering how I might reduce the number of for-loops. If the number of for-loops cannot be reduced then I suppose the function should be broken up into smaller functions. The problem is, as I see it, little of the code is reusable in other functions that also have too many nested blocks. def pointingPairRow(self): """ If a candidate is present in only two cells of a box, then it must be the solution for one of these two cells. If these two cells belong to the same row, then this candidate can not be the solution in any other cell of the same row. """ box_start = [(0, 0), (0, 3), (0, 6), (3, 0), (3, 3), (3, 6), (6, 0), (6, 3), (6, 6) ] for x, y in box_start: pairs = Counter() for number in range(1, 10): number= str(number) for row in range(x, x + 3): for col in range(y, y + 3): if len(self.solution[row][col]) > 1 and number in self.solution[row][col]: pairs[number] += 1 for item, count in pairs.items(): if count == 2: # candidate for row in range(x, x + 3): icount = 0 col_list = [] for col in range(y, y + 3): if item in self.solution[row][col]: icount += 1 col_list.append(col) if icount == 2: for c in range(self.num_cols): if len(self.solution[row][c]) > 1 and item in self.solution[row][c] and c not in col_list: self.solution[row][c] -= set(item) Also, the 3 for-loops before "if count == 2" don't need to be repeated once the candidate has been removed from the row with "self.solution[row][c] -= set(item)". Setting a boolean switch here to prevent the for-loops from continuing does the job but it adds yet another "if" statement. The function works and so it's logically correct but it's messy and inefficient. -- Regards, Phil

6 13

__str__ Vs __repr__
by Manprit Singh Nov. 30, 2021

Nov. 30, 2021

Dear Sir, After assigning a value to a variable, Lets say variable is a, and the value assigned to it is 5, On an interactive shell after writing a and then hitting Enter key, it prints the value of a, that is 5, This happens due to __str__ or __repr__? What should I use(__str__ or __repr__) if I want something to be printed when I print an object of a user defined class ?

4 3

Multi threading and I/O bound process
by Manprit Singh Nov. 29, 2021

Nov. 29, 2021

Dear sir, Just need to know if the below example is a correct example of multithreading used with I/O bound process : 1) Without multi threading import time import urllib.request # a function to dsplay first 25 bytes of a webpage def readpage(urladd): with urllib.request.urlopen(urladd) as fobj: print(fobj.read(25)) t0 = time.time() for _ in range(6): readpage("https://www.xyz.com/") t1 = time.time() print(t1-t0) will display the first 25 bytes of the webpage 6 times in a sequential order. and measure the time 2) Multithreading Using constructor : t0= time.time() import threading threadsgrp = [] for _ in range(6): thread = threading.Thread(target=readpage,args=("https://www.xyz.com/ ",)) threadsgrp.append(thread) thread.start() for th in threadsgrp: th.join() t1 =time.time() print(t1-t0) 3) Multithreading using subclass : t1 = time.time() class Techlivethread(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, add): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.add = add def run(self): readpage(self.add) grp =[] for _ in range(6): th1 = Techlivethread("https://www.xyz.com/") grp.append(th1) th1.start() for ele in grp: ele.join() t2 = time.time() print(t2-t1) Kindly comment

2 1

Explanation of smote and upsampling
by Tariq Khasiri Nov. 29, 2021

Nov. 29, 2021

‘’’ oversample = SMOTE()X, y = oversample.fit_resample(c_data[c_data.columns[1:]], c_data[c_data.columns[0]])usampled_df = X.assign(Churn = y) ‘’’ Does this portion of code mean that I am upsampling column 0 and column 1 of my data frame ( c_data ) ? Please kindly advise. Not understanding this part of code —————-> c_data[c_data.columns[1:]

2 1

Enable Python feature in vim editor
by Kaushal Shriyan Nov. 29, 2021

Nov. 29, 2021

Hi, I am using vim editor to write python scripts. Is there a way to enable syntax, help and indentation of python script? Thanks in advance. I look forward to hearing from you. Best Regards, Kaushal

9 16

computation problem
by marcus.luetolf＠bluewin.ch Nov. 28, 2021

Nov. 28, 2021

Hello Experts I'd like to write a python code to find all possible combinations of a list of n items. If, for example, a list L consists of 4 items, n = 4, L = ['abcd'], the code should print out 24 different combinations from ['abcd'] to ...['dcba'] I tried several solutions posted on stackoverflow using itertools but none gave the sought for combinations. I'm aware the complexity of a a code using for loops might be exponential . Could anybody tell me a text or tutorial how to approach tist task by python ?

4 3