🌐 Mailman 3 May 2023 - Tutor - python.org

RollDieDynamic
by Michael Reubel May 28, 2023

May 28, 2023

To whomever this may concern, Hello my name is Michael Reubel. I need some help with installing RollDieDynamic on my system.I am taking an online course for python. And following the steps that are a part of the program didn't work like I thought it would. In the program I have opened my CMD from Windows. - Extracted the zip files under Desktop. - Found out that my zip file was stored in my OneDrive. - I then proceeded to use cd Onedrive. - Typed cd Desktop - cd IntroToPythonMaster (that is how it is titled in my system). - cd examples and i get a message that reads the system cannot find the path specified. I've also searched on Youtube on how to create a Path and I didn't get much help from that either. If someone can help guide me with this problem I would greatly appreciate it. Thank you for your time. Sincerely, Michael Reuebl

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Openpyxl
by Burke, Chelsea May 23, 2023

May 23, 2023

Good morning, I'm having issues with openpyxl, specifically the load_workbook function. It previously was working just fine, but I cannot get any workbook to load anymore using this function. Below is the error that keeps popping up every time I run it. Is there something wrong with the source code for this package? I've tried downgrading the versions from 3.1.2 to 3.1.1 and 3.1.0 and still have the same error. [cid:image001.png@01D98C8D.BE4F5D90] I've tried just loading a blank workbook from different directories as well and still seem to have the error. I do have a package folder for ~penpyxl that seems to be where the code is coming from based on the line 342 given for the error, but the directory is ~penpyxl.worsheet._reader.WorksheetRead.__init__ and not the "openpyxl.worksheet..." directory. Any help on this would be greatly appreciated. Thanks, Chelsea Burke

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What's in a name.
by ThreeBlindQuarks May 18, 2023

May 18, 2023

I was thinking about a recent question that is now better understood. Part of it may boil down to a choice of names. Sometimes a name may make some people feel like a function or variable may be doing something else than it does. The word I am talking about now is "suffix" and in some sense it means something appended to the end of something else. That has more specifix meanings in areas of computer science where it may mean a part of a filename at the end after some market like a period. Actually, I have seen multiple suffixes of sorts in a row such as in an old operating system, a file.c;3 is the third version/copy of an edited file containing part or all of a program written in the C language. Many human languages let you pile one suffix after another to extend a words to have many additional layers of meaning including gender and plurality and possessiveness and quite a few more in some languages. So the OP had a task to do where they read in a string that perhaps was meant to be a filename and remove a suffix perhaps looking like .xyz and they noticed a method called removesuffix() which sounded right. But is it? Nope. Not in general as what the function is designed to do is remove an exact suffix you supply. It can be used this way as in "proportional".removesuffix("al") with no periods in sight. So it looks like the OP thought about perhaps asking the person who typed in the text a second questions asking what suffix to omit. This strikes me as odd in several ways as they could have typed it in a shorter version in the first request from the user and also because the user might provide ".xyz" or just "xyz" or anything else and then removing that may fail or leave part behind such as the period. It does not look like a great one-liner to me. So the OP seems to have found removesuffix as a plan and then rather than go for a different plan, wanted to fix it by calculating the suffix without creating a variable name and passing that to removesuffix. It could be an ingenious solution if it worked but again, stepping back, is it? As I see it, if the intent has to strip a suffix for a filename and especially one that uses a period and may have more than one, as in modern operating systems, it can be better to hunt for a module that someone has written carefully and is well tested. Consider a case where the user has chosen a file called hello.exe and you want to find a file called hello.c that corresponds to it. Using normal string-manipulation methods, you can do quite a bit, even if not inline. You can for example split the text of the name on a period and ignore the last component but how well will you handle a name like xyz.c.tar.gz in which you have multiple suffixes that can be peeled away by uncompressing and then removing an item from within an archive file? Finally, you need to back away from the C suffix if you really want what some might call a basename. So you can do this yourself and cover mainly the cases that matter to you. Or you can find functions that more easily match your need. The OP was supplied with some suggestions including one that sort of fits part of what maybe they need by careful use of the walrus operator (or just multiple lines of code) to extract the suffix while retaining the original name. But I am guessing that in some ways it was not really a good thing to answer what was asked versus suggesting a reconsideration and doing anything else. I offered suggestions that can be explored without lots of details but each has plusses and minuses and often the names of the parts may not be meaningful. A function with a name like basename() may not be meaningful. But even the concept or removing an ending is flawed. The goal is not about removing but not having the suffix. A straightforward alternate approach might be a way to identify what part of the name is before the first (or maybe last) period and keep that. It can be as simple as making a new empty string or list of characters and looping on the original while copying one character at a time until you hit a period and stopping copying. It can be moving from the back until you hit a period and noting what position you are at and taking a view of the original between the beginning and the spot before a period as in text[1:(N-1)] or something like that. There are all kinds of functions that simply search for you and return the index at which something is found. And more generally you can use fairly simple but powerful regular expressions to match various parts and keep what parts you want in what order. Some may even focus in and only recognize specific sets of suffixes like .c and .h as your needs dictate. Bottom line is the python object we talk about as being of type str has NOTHING to do with filenames. It has more broad uses. You cannot expect it to remove suffixes in filenames except in the same way it will remove suffixes in general text. But other places and objects may be a better choice. If there is an object I will call "filename" then it might have a method that does what you want and maybe you can write code like: base = filename(input("Type a filename in full: ")).desuffixize() Python people have made a truly stupid statement years ago suggesting that the language generally has one obvious way to do things. In my experience, it pretty much NEVER has only one way and you have too many ways to choose from. Reading code written by others (especially without comments) can be almost painful as you try to figure out what exactly they are trying to do which often is not on your short list of ways you might have done it. So choosing names in your program can be a challenge as it is the first part of you communicating with anyone reading your code or using your function. Had the people named removesuffix as remove_end_characters_as_specified_if_they_exist() it would be a pain to use but might not make you think it was the best choice for what the OP seems to want. Sent with [Proton Mail](https://proton.me/) secure email.

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Can’t find the .env file
by Abelardo Salazar Orozco May 18, 2023

May 18, 2023

Hi everyone! I am trying to install Auto-GPT through Python, but I'm stocked in step 5 since I can't find . files. I would appreciate your help very much. Have a great day!

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Re: [Tutor] How to manipulate a user's input twice in one statement
by Goran Ikac May 17, 2023

May 17, 2023

Here we go: the concept! But first: thank you, people, I've already learned a lot from your answers and comments. Now I know, among other things (inline operator existence, for example) that the problem cannot be solved the way I wanted, and - even if it could - it wouldn't be a good, pythonic way. Mr. Gauld, I'm not competent to question the work of the genius - the language itself. I'm far, far from that (as obvious). Now, the concept: Mr. Gauld: "A method is a technical term that means an operation of an object defined in a class. It is more or less the same as a function ..." I thought so, but I did not take "... except that it's part of a class" into account. That's how I started all this mess: >>> removesuffix(some_string, some_string[1:]) Traceback (most . . . ) NameError: name 'removesuffix' is not defined >>> help(removesuffix) Traceback (most . . . ) NameError: name 'removesuffix' is not defined >>> help(str.removesuffix) Help on method_descriptor: removesuffix(self, suffix, /) Return a str . . . Aha! So, "removesuffix" can be used as a method applied to an object (the instance of <class 'str'>), but not as a function with a string as the first argument. The first argument must be "self". OK. Then I tried: >>> input().removesuffix(input()[1:]) ... and it didn't work as I expected. That's where I decided to ask for help. But >>> result = 3 * (2 + int(input('Please, type a number: ')) # one "input" ... worked, and I guessed if I can make the method work like a function or an operator would. Obviously, I need to learn better about classes and methods. Thank you, people, very much for your time and effort! Love from Croatia Goran

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Fwd: Can’t find the .env file
by Alan Gauld May 17, 2023

May 17, 2023

Forwarding to list. Please use reply-All or reply-List when responding to tutor poss. Also note that the list is text only so attachments are stripped by the server for security reasons. I've pasted the content for the list to read.... Having read the instructions in step 5 it seems you should use Textedit (or any other editor) to edit the .env file. ############################################## Cloning into 'Auto-GPT* remote: Enumerating objects: 12414, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (306/306), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (189/189), done. remote: Total 12414 (delta 146), reused 246 (delta 114), pack-reused 12108 Receiving objects: 100% (12414/12414), 7.03 MiB 5.77 MiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (8295/8295), done. (base) " cd Auto-GPT (base) •Auto-GPT Ipip install -r requirements. txt Collecting en-core-web-sm@ https://github.com/explosion/spacy-models/releases/download/en core_web_sm-3.5.0/en core web sm-3.5.0-py3-none-any.whl Downloading https://github.com/explosion/spacy-models/releases/download/en core web sm-3.5.0/en core web sm-3.5.0-py3-none-any.whl (12.8 MB) 12.8/12.8 MB 7.0 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Requirement already satisfied: beautifulsoup4>m4.12.2 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 1)) (4.12.2) Requirement already satisfied: colorama0.4.6 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 2)) (0.4.6) Requirement already satisfied: distrow1.8.0 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 3)) (1.8.0) Requirement already satisfied: openais0.27.2 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 4)) (0.27.2) Requirement already satisfied: playsound =1.2.2 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 5)) (1.2.2) Requirement already satisfied: python-dotenvam1.0.0 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 6)) (1.0.0) Requirement already satisfied: pyyamlas6.0 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 7)) (6.0) Requirement already satisfied: readability-Ixmlwm0.8.1 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 8)) (0.8.1) Requirement already satisfied: requests in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages from -r requirements.txt (line 9)) (2.30.0) Requirement already satisfied: tiktoken-0.3.3 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 10)) (0.3.3) Requirement already satisfied: gTTS™2.3.1 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 11)) (2.3.1) Requirement already satisfied: docker in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 12)) (6.1.2) Requirement already satisfied: duckduckgo-search> 2.9.5 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 13)) (2.9.5) Requirement already satisfied: google-api-python-client in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 14)) (2.86.0) Requirement already satisfied: pinecone-client==2.2.1 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 15)) (2.2.1) Requirement already satisfied: redis in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 16)) (4.5.5) Requirement already satisfied: orjson-3.8.10 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 17)) (3.8.10) Requirement already satisfied: Pillow in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 18)) (9.2.0) Requirement already satisfied: selenium==4.1.4 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 19)) (4.1.4) Requirement already satisfied: webdriver-manager in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 20)) (3.8.6) Requirement already satisfied: jsonschema in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 21)) (4.16.0) Requirement already satisfied: tweepy in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 22)) (4.14.0) Requirement already satisfied: distlib<1,> 0.3.6 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from virtualenv> 20.10.0-›pre-commit->-r requirements.txt (line 32) ) (0.3.6) Requirement already satisfied: filelock<4,>=3.11 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from virtualenv> 20.10.0->pre-commit->-r requirements.txt (line 32) ) (3.12.0) Requirement already satisfied: aiosignal>=1.1.2 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from aichttp->openai==0.27.2->-r requirements.txt (line 4)) (1.3.1) Requirement already satisfied: multidict<7.0,> 4.5 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from aiohttp->openai0.27.2->-r requirements.txt (line 4)) (6.0. 4) Requirement already satisfied: frozenlist>mi.1.1 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from aiohttp->openai0.27.2->-r requirements.txt (line 4)) (1.3.3) Requirement already satisfied: cffi>1.12 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from cryptography> 1.3.4-›urllib3> 1.21.1->pinecone-client 2.2.1->-r requ irements.txt (line 15)) (1.15.1) Requirement already satisfied: h11<0.15,> 0.13 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from httpcore<0.18.0,> 0.15.0->httpx<0.25.0,>=0.15.4->openapi-python-client==0.13.4->-r requirements.txt (line 42)) (0.14.0) Requirement already satisfied: anyio<5.0,> 3.0 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from httpcore<0.18.0,> 0.15.0->httpx<0.25.0,>=0.15.4->openapi-python-client 0.13.4->-r requirements.txt (line 42)) (3.5.0) Requirement already satisfied: pyasn1<0.5.0,>=0.4.6 in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from pyasnI-modules>=0.2.1->google-auth<3.0.0dev,>=1.19.0->googl e-api-python-client->-r requirements.txt (line 14)) (0.4.8) Requirement already satisfied: pycparser in /opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages (from cffi>=1.12->cryptography>=1.3.4-›urllib3>=1.21.1->pinecone-client==2.2 •1->-r requirements.txt (line 15)) (2.21) Installing collected packages: mypy-extensions, my Attempting uninstall: mypy-extensions Found existing installation: mypy-extensions 0.4.3 Uninstalling mypy-extensions-0.4.3: Successfully uninstalled mypy-extensions-0.4.3 Successfully installed mpy-1.3.0 mypy-extensions-1.0.0 (base) FAuto-GPT Pcp . env. template env (base) _: Auto-GPT Ils .flake8 BULLETIN.md •git CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md •coveragerc .devcontainer .dockerignore •env •env. template •envrc .gitattributes CONTRIBUTING. md .github Dockerfile .gitignore LICENSE .isort.cfg README. md .pre-commit-config. yaml autogpt .sourcery.yaml azure.yaml. template benchmark codecov. yml data data ingestion.py docker-compose. ym1 docs main.py mkdocs. ym1 mypy.ini plugin.png plugins prompt settings.yaml pyproject. toml requirements.txt run.bat run. sh run_continuous.bat run_continuous.sh scripts tests tests.py -------- Forwarded Message -------- Subject: Re: [Tutor] Can’t find the .env file To: Alan Gauld <alan.gauld(a)yahoo.co.uk> Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="000000000000215ce205fbebbc79" Content-Length: 1614562 Yes, I believe that is what it's called, it is an experimental autonomous AI assistant using GPT-4 (GitHub - Significant-Gravitas/Auto-GPT: An experimental open-source attempt to make GPT-4 fully autonomous. <https://github.com/Significant-Gravitas/Auto-GPT>) and I'm trying to install it using pip as in the instructions attached below. But I keep stuck at finding the .env file where I'm supposed to enter my OpenAI API key. I kind of highlighted where the problem is and that the file I'm looking for is indeed in the folder. I'm not an expert in Python so I appreciate your patience. I am using a macOS version 10.15.7 and Python 3. El mié, 17 may 2023 a las 14:45, Alan Gauld via Tutor (<tutor(a)python.org <mailto:tutor@python.org>>) escribió: On 17/05/2023 18:45, Abelardo Salazar Orozco wrote: > I am trying to install Auto-GPT through Python, but I'm stocked in step 5 > since I can't find . files. You need to give us a lot more information for us to help. First, what python version and OS are you using? Where did you find Auto-GPT (are you sure that's the right spelling, it's kind of unusual) How are you trying to install it? From an app store? Building from source? Using an OS package manager? Using git or pip? Exactly what command do you type? Exactly what error do you get(cut n paste please)? What are . files? Which . files specifically are you looking for? Where have you looked? Most of us will not have heard of your package let alone installed it. We almost certainly are not using the same computer setup as you. The more detail you can provide the more we are likely able to help. -- Alan G Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ <http://www.alan-g.me.uk/> http://www.amazon.com/author/alan_gauld <http://www.amazon.com/author/alan_gauld> Follow my photo-blog on Flickr at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/alangauldphotos <http://www.flickr.com/photos/alangauldphotos> _______________________________________________ Tutor maillist - Tutor(a)python.org <mailto:Tutor@python.org> To unsubscribe or change subscription options: https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor <https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor>

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Python
by Umut Çağlar Günlü May 17, 2023

May 17, 2023

// UNFORTUNATELY, THE CODE DOESN'T COMPILE WHAT I REQUEST. // I AM THINKING THAT THE PROBLEM IS IN THE COMPILER OF // PYCHARM. WHAT SHOULD I DO? def hint_username(username): if len(username) < 3: print("Invalid username. Must be at least 3 characters long.") elif len(username) > 15: print("Invalid username. Must be at most 15 characters long.") else: print("Valid username.") hint_username("umutcaglargunsimafatehian") ----------------------------------------------------------------- /Users/umutcaglargunlu/PycharmProjects/pythonProject6/venv/bin/python /Users/umutcaglargunlu/PycharmProjects/pythonProject6/main.py Invalid username. Must be at least 3 characters long. Process finished with exit code 0

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Re: [Tutor] How to manipulate a user's input twice in one statement
by Goran Ikac May 17, 2023

May 17, 2023

I'd like to manipulate an user's input using a method. The argument for that method depends on the value of the user's input. In my previous question, I used a slice of the input as an example of a value that depends on the value of the input. I'm aware that I can get the result this way: >>> user_input = input('Please, type a word: ') >>> to_remove = user_input[1:] # The value of the slice depends of the value of the input. >>> result = user_input.removesuffix(to_remove) # The result depends on both the value of the input, and the value of the slice that was applied to the input. Or this way: >>> user_input = input('Please, type a word: ') >>> result = user_input.removesuffix(user_input[1:]) I was curious if I could get the result (that depends on both the value of the input, and the value of the slice that was applied to the input) without assigning the input to a variable first. Perhaps I could ask the same question this way: >>> user_input = int(input('Please, type a number: ')) >>> value_to_use = 2 + user_input # This value depends of the value of the input. >>> result = 3 * value_to_use # The result depends on both the input, and the output of the expression that used the input as an operand. Or this way: >>> user_input = int(input('Please, type a number: ')) >>> result = 3 * (2 + user_input) That could be written: >>> result = 3 * (2 + int(input('Please, type a number: ')) But, if I need to manipulate the value (that depends on the value of the input) by a method, not by an operand or by a function, can I do it without assigning that value or/and the value of the input to a variable? Perhaps not? People, I'm learning, not trying to write a useful program, yet. Last time when I asked a "pointless" question (NoneType List), I learned an important concept from your answers, a concept that I failed to understand properly from the textbooks. I appreciate your time very much. Love Goran from Croatia

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How to manipulate a user's input twice in one statement
by Goran Ikac May 16, 2023

May 16, 2023

If a value is assigned to the string some_string, this works: >>> some_string = 'avion' >>> some_string.removesuffix(input()[1:]) ton 'avi' But the next statement doesn't work as I've expected (it waits for another user's input): >>> input().removesuffix(input()[1:]) avion ton 'avi' Now, is there a way to manipulate the input from a user so to remove a slice from it, other than to assign that slice to a variable name and then to manipulate that variable? (The next snippet is *NOT *what I'm looking for: >>> input()[0] avion 'a' ) I'd like to be able to put the user's input as an argument for a method that manipulates that same user's input. The method .removesuffix() is only an example. I hope I don't make you angry with me :) Goran from Croatia

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Re my question about virtual environments
by Phil May 13, 2023

May 13, 2023

Problem solved. I'd copied one virtual environment to create another which I shouldn't have done. -- Regards, Phil

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