11 Classes [class]

11.9 Member access control [class.access]

11.9.1 Access specifiers [class.access.spec]

1
#
Member declarations can be labeled by an access-specifier ([class.derived]):
access-specifier : member-specification
An access-specifier specifies the access rules for members following it until the end of the class or until another access-specifier is encountered.
[ Example
: 
class X {
  int a;            // Xā€‹::ā€‹a is private by default: class used
public:
  int b;            // Xā€‹::ā€‹b is public
  int c;            // Xā€‹::ā€‹c is public
};
ā€” end example
 ]
2
#
Any number of access specifiers is allowed and no particular order is required.
[ Example
: 
struct S {
  int a;            // Sā€‹::ā€‹a is public by default: struct used
protected:
  int b;            // Sā€‹::ā€‹b is protected
private:
  int c;            // Sā€‹::ā€‹c is private
public:
  int d;            // Sā€‹::ā€‹d is public
};
ā€” end example
 ]
3
#
[ Note
:
The effect of access control on the order of allocation of data members is specified in [expr.rel].
ā€” end note
 ]
4
#
When a member is redeclared within its class definition, the access specified at its redeclaration shall be the same as at its initial declaration.
[ Example
: 
struct S {
  class A;
  enum E : int;
private:
  class A { };                  // error: cannot change access
  enum E: int { e0 };           // error: cannot change access
};
ā€” end example
 ]
5
#
[ Note
:
In a derived class, the lookup of a base class name will find the injected-class-name instead of the name of the base class in the scope in which it was declared.
The injected-class-name might be less accessible than the name of the base class in the scope in which it was declared.
ā€” end note
 ]
[ Example
: 
class A { };
class B : private A { };
class C : public B {
  A* p;             // error: injected-class-name A is inaccessible
  ::A* q;           // OK
};
ā€” end example
 ]