Italy

Emergency phone numbers 

Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes.   

• Dial 112 for emergencies 

Terrorism

Terrorist groups and individuals inspired by them want to attack U.S. citizens outside of the United States. They are using simpler methods of attack like knives, guns, and vehicles to target crowds. They often go after unprotected or vulnerable targets. 

• High-profile public events (sporting contests, political rallies, demonstrations, holiday events, celebratory gatherings, etc.) 
• Hotels, clubs, and restaurants frequented by tourists 
• Places of worship 
• Schools 
• Parks 
• Shopping malls and markets 
• Airports 
• Public transportation systems (including subways, buses, trains) 

Politically motivated violence  

This is most often connected to Italian internal political developments or social issues. Italian authorities and foreign diplomatic facilities have: 

• Found bombs outside public buildings 
• Received bomb threats 
• Been targets of letter bombs and Molotov cocktails 

These attacks often happen at night. Although they have not targeted or injured U.S. citizens, you should remain aware of your surroundings. Report any suspicious activity to local authorities. 

Crime  

Italy has a moderate rate of crime. Although there are incidents of theft, violent crimes are rare. Pickpocketing, particularly in congested areas and on public transport, and break-ins of rented vehicles are common throughout the country. 

Criminal penalties

U.S. citizens should be aware of the following local circumstances that could result in criminal penalties:

• Tourists can be fined or detained for buying counterfeit goods (usually fashion accessories), defacing historic monuments, and using aerial drones.
• Travelers must buy train, bus, or metro tickets at tobacco stores, kiosks, or through apps or SMS (short messaging service). Before boarding, you must validate your ticket at a machine (usually near the entrance). If you don't, an inspector may fine you. If you don’t pay right away, the fine will double and be sent to your home address. 
• Some buses and trams accept onboard contactless payment (“tap to pay”) using a bank card or mobile digital wallet.
• Many cities in Italy have rules for fountains and monuments that ban activities like eating, drinking, sitting, or bathing. There are also restrictions on drinking alcohol after certain hours. Tourists should check each city's official website for more details.
• New laws make it illegal for Italians, including dual U.S.-Italian citizens, to travel outside Italy to use or arrange surrogacy. Breaking this law can result in up to 2 years in prison and fines of up to $1 million euros.

Theft

Most reported thefts in Italy occur at:

• Crowded tourist sites
• Public transportation (on buses, metros, and trains, and at major metro and railway stations) 
• Airports
• Cars parked in city centers and tourist sites

General guidance to minimize the risk of theft:

• Be alert to criminal schemes. 
• Organized groups of thieves and pickpockets operate at major tourist destinations, in train stations, bars, and cafes. Criminals may use drugs to assault or rob. 
• Thieves on motor scooters regularly snatch purses or bags off pedestrians. Resisting can be dangerous.
• Park cars in well-lit areas; ensure doors and windows are locked. Do not leave personal possessions, including luggage and passports, in unattended vehicles.
• Never leave baggage unattended in a car, including in a closed trunk.
• Do not leave bags unattended in public places. 

Italian railway advice for travelers

ATMs

To protect yourself from the risk of skimming devices at ATMs:

• Use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or secured inside a bank or business.
• Cover the keypad with one hand as you enter your PIN.
• Check for gaps, tampering, or other flaws between the ATM's metal faceplate and the card reader.
• Avoid card readers that are not flush with the face of the ATM.
• Closely check your account statements for unauthorized transactions.

Demonstrations 

Demonstrations occur frequently. They can be anti-American in nature, especially near U.S. military bases. They may take place in response to political or economic issues. They may also occur on politically significant holidays and during international events.

• Demonstrations can be unpredictable. Avoid areas around protests and demonstrations. 
• Past demonstrations have turned violent.
• Check local media for updates and traffic advisories.
• Security Alerts for U.S. citizens pertaining to demonstrations can be found on the Embassy’s website.

Special circumstances 

• Strikes and other work stoppages often affect transportation (airlines, airports, trains, and buses).
• If you're traveling during a strike, make sure to reconfirm your reservations and check with your carrier.

International financial scams

Internet romance and financial scams are common throughout the world. Follow the Department of State guidelines to protect yourself from scams and learn how the FBI can help. 

Scams often start through Internet postings, profiles, or by unsolicited emails and letters. Scammers almost always pose as U.S. citizens who have no one else to turn to. Instead of helping, refer them to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. We will work with local authorities to assist them. 

Common scams include:

• Romance or online dating
• Money transfers
• Lucrative sales
• Contracts with promises of large commissions
• Grandparent or relative targeting
• Free Trip or luggage
• Lotteries
• Inheritance notices
• Work permits or job offers

Victims of crime

Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes.

• Visit our webpage on help for U.S. victims of crime abroad.
• Dial 112 for the local police

Victims of sexual assault are also encouraged to contact the U.S. embassy for assistance at +39 06-4674-1.

We can:

• Help you find appropriate medical care.
• Replace a stolen or lost passport.
• Assist you in reporting a crime to the police.
• Contact relatives or friends with your written consent.
• Provide general information regarding the victim’s role during the local investigation and following its conclusion.
• Provide a list of local attorneys. We do not endorse or recommend any specific attorneys.
• Provide information on victim compensation programs in the United States.
• Provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States or limited medical support in cases of destitution.
• Help you find accommodation and arrange flights home.

Victim compensation in Italy

Italy pays victims of terrorism, organized crime, hit-and-run accidents, and violent crimes. To apply, file with the local Prefect's office (Prefettura) where the crime occurred. Provide details about the incident, including:

• Where the crime happened
• Date
• Location 
• Injuries and losses resulting from the crime

U.S. citizen victims of crime in Italy should consult an Italian attorney for guidance on the legal process and victim compensation programs.

Tourism

• Tourism activities are generally regulated.
• Rules about general practices and safety inspections are regularly enforced. 
• Dangerous areas and activities are marked with signs. 
• Trained staff are usually there to help with organized activities.
• If someone gets hurt, they can usually get medical help anywhere in the country. In smaller cities and remote areas, it might take longer for medical help to arrive and assist. 
• U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance. 

Technology use abroad

Mobile devices are vulnerable to compromise, theft, and damage anywhere in the world. Follow these safety practices:

• Update all software (operating system and apps) before leaving. 
• Use reputable, U.S. based VPN or VoIP applications.  
• Don’t connect to unknown public Wi-Fi networks. 
• Research the safety of routes recommended by GPS. Sometimes the shortest route is not the safest.
• Be cautious using dating apps abroad, as scammers often target U.S. citizens.

Criminal penalties  

U.S. citizens must follow local laws. If you break a law, even by mistake, you can be expelled, arrested, or jailed.  

• Your U.S. passport will not prevent you from being detained, arrested, or prosecuted.
• If you’re starting a business or a licensed profession, you must seek information from local authorities before operating.

You may be prosecuted in the U.S. for crimes committed abroad regardless of local laws. For more information, review Laws Abroad and resources from the Department of Justice.

Arrest notification

If you are arrested or detained, ask police or prison officials to inform the U.S. embassy or consulate of your destination immediately.   

Counterfeit and pirated goods

Counterfeit and pirated goods are common but may be illegal according to local laws.  

• They may pose significant risks to consumer health and safety.  
• You could get fined or forced to give your goods to the authorities if you try to bring them back into the U.S. 
• Review: The Truth Behind Counterfeits (source: U.S. Customs and Boarder Protection)  Customs and Border Protection
• Review: Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (source: U.S. Department of Justice)  

Surrogacy

• New laws make it illegal for Italian citizens, including dual U.S.-Italian citizens, to travel abroad for surrogacy or to arrange it.
• Breaking this law can result in up to 2 years in prison and fines of up to $1 million euros.
• The law also affects Italian parents, spouses, or partners of U.S. citizens who use surrogacy. It applies to actions after 2024.

Domestic Violence 

U.S. citizen victims of domestic violence may contact the embassy or consulate of their destination for assistance. 

Faith-based travelers

• Faith-Based Travel Information
• International Religious Freedom Report – Review country reports
• Human Rights Report – Review country reports

International volunteers

• Tips for Volunteering Abroad

Gay and lesbian travelers

There are no legal restrictions on same-sex sexual relations or the organization of gay and lesbian events in Italy. 

Same sex civil unions are legally recognized in Italy.  

• Gay and Lesbian Travelers
• Human Rights report (section 6)

Travelers with accessibility needs

The law in Italy prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities, and this is enforced. This includes those with physical, sensory, intellectual, or mental disabilities. 

• Accessibility in Italy is uneven. Most lodgings and buildings are accessible, but public transportation and some services may have limited access. This is especially the case in smaller towns and rural areas.
• Passengers with reduced mobility can request free assistance on board trains and in stations that are part of Italian Railway’s Sala Blu network. To receive assistance, passengers must communicate their needs to the railway company or station manager. Bookings should be made at least 24 hours in advance in person, online, by phone and email, or using the SALABLU+ app. For additional information, review the Sala Blu site or SalaBlu+ app for iOS and Android).
• Rental cars with hand controls are available from major rental companies. But it's important to reserve it well in advance. 
• Equipment and repair services are usually accessible. Sign language interpreters and personal assistants are available in many locations. Contact the U.S. Embassy in Italy for a list of providers.
• Italy uses a 220-volt electrical system. You may need a transformer and plug adapter to recharge a power wheelchair.
• If traveling with a guide dog, bring the required EU documents.

Review our Accessibility Needs page.

Students

• Tips for Students Abroad 
• FBI travel tips for U.S. students

Women travelers

• Tips for Women Travelers

Health Resources 

• CDC's Italy Traveler Health Information 
• CDC's Medical Tourism information 
• NASA's International Air Quality Index
• Travel Insurance
• WHO's Italy Health Information 
• U.S. Embassy in Italy's list of hospitals and doctors in Italy

Emergency number 

• Dial 112 for emergencies.  

Ambulances 

• Ambulance services are widely available.  
• Training and availability of emergency responders may be below U.S. standards. 

Medical insurance 

• The U.S. government including Department of State, U.S. embassies and U.S. consulates do not pay medical bills.  
• U.S. Medicare or Medicaid don’t work abroad.  
• Make sure your insurance plan works abroad. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides more information on types of insurance available. 
• Hospitals and doctors often require payment “up front” prior to service or admission. 

We strongly recommend supplemental insurance  to cover medical evacuation. 

Pharmaceuticals

• The Italian Ministry of Health sets rules on who can bring prescription drugs into Italy, and how to do it. However, the Ministry of Health website does not have information in English.  
• The Ministry of Health says foreigners can bring up to 30 days' worth of personal medications into Italy. Bring a copy of your prescription.  
• Don’t bring excess supplies of prescription drugs into the country.  
• You cannot bring prescription drugs for other people. 
• Bringing medications into Italy by mail or courier is tightly controlled by Italian Customs. 
• All medication shipments, even small amounts for personal use, must be cleared by customs. Delays are common.  
• The person receiving the medication must provide a letter from a doctor in Italy, stating: The medication is essential for the patient’s health and that they would be in a life-threatening situation without it. And, there is no substitute or similar medication available in Italy. 
• Be careful when purchasing medication abroad. Pharmaceuticals are usually easy to buy with few controls.   
• Purchase medication in consultation with a medical professional and from trusted places. 

You must follow the law if you are bringing medication back to the United States. The medication must be for personal use and approved in the United States. Get more information from U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Food and Drug Administration.

Vaccinations

Stay up to date on all vaccinations recommended by the CDC. For further health information: 

• World Health Organization 
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 

Air quality 

Air pollution can be a significant problem in many destination abroad.  

• Check NASA’s Air Quality Forecast It uses AI, historical data, and global pollution models to create a 3-day air quality forecast for Italy. 
• For information about common air pollutants, check the CDC’s Air Quality page.
• For information about the U.S. Air Quality Index and health guidance, check out the EPA’s Air Now. 
• For general information, visit the Medicine and Health page. 
• Many cities in Italy have air pollution levels similar to those in major U.S. cities.  
• In some parts of Italy, poor trash disposal and few incineration sites can lead to garbage piling up. In some cases, people have burned the trash, causing harmful fumes that can make breathing problems worse.  
• Visit the European Environment Agency’s website for information on air quality in Italy. 

Healthcare facilities 

The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of doctors and hospitals. We do not endorse or recommend any specific medical provider or clinic. 

• Adequate health facilities are available throughout Italy but may be limited outside cities. Health services, especially at public hospitals, may be below U.S. standards. 
• Travelers should get all the details about costs, billing, and medical procedures before agreeing to any treatment. 
• Public hospitals cannot provide an itemized bill, as required by many U.S. insurers. The Italian National Health Service charges one rate for services and room and board.   
• Private hospitals usually require advance payment or proof of insurance before admitting a patient. You may get reimbursed later by your insurance company. 
• Medical staff may speak little or no English. (The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of interpreters. We do not endorse or recommend any specific interpreter.)  
• In public hospitals, there is usually only a small staff available overnight in non-emergency wards. 
• In most cases, patients must pay the cost for transfers to or between hospitals. 
• In Italy, end-of-life instructions are not legal. Hospitals must keep providing life-saving treatments. This is true even if a person has stated their wishes in a will or advance directive. 

Medical tourism and elective surgery 

Medical tourism is a fast-growing industry: 

• U.S. citizens seeking healthcare abroad should know that medical systems differ from those in the United States and follow different rules.   
• Consult your doctor before traveling for medical reasons. 
• Learn about the risks of medical tourism from the CDC and find out how to prepare before traveling to Italy. 

We strongly recommend supplemental insurance to cover medical evacuation for unexpected medical complications.

Water quality and food safety 

• Tap water in most parts of Italy is safe to drink and meets high safety standards.  
• Bottled water is widely available and may be preferred by some travelers.  
• In restaurants and hotels, bottled water is typically offered for purchase. Tap water may not be served unless you ask for it.  
• Ice in beverages is generally made from potable water. 

Altitude 

• Most major Italian cities are at or near sea level. However, if you plan to visit mountainous areas such as the Alps or Dolomites, be aware of the symptoms of altitude sickness and take precautions before you travel.
• Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website for more information about Travel to High Altitudes. 

Adventure travel 

Review the CDC's information on Adventure Travel.

Resources 

• Driving and Transportation Safety
• Automobile Club d’Italia (A.C.I.) 
• Transportation and Driving in Italy
• Dial +407-444-7000 for AAA information on international driver's licenses

Road conditions and safety 

In Italy, you may find very different road conditions than in the United States, such as: 

• Drivers often disobey the limited traffic signals. 
• Motor scooters are very popular, and their riders may behave unexpectedly. 
• Drivers often pass on superhighways (autostrada) at high speeds. 
• Rural roads are generally narrow and often have no guardrails and inconsistent speed limits. 
• Be careful when crossing streets. This is true even with a green walk (avanti) light in a marked crosswalk. 

Traffic laws 

• Seat belt use is mandatory. 
• When driving outside of cities, you must always use headlights. 
• In autumn and winter, you must have winter tires or snow chains on certain roads, especially in mountainous regions.  
• If authorities stop you driving a car registered abroad, you must pay the ticket immediately under certain conditions. Be prepared to pay in cash in local currency. Local police can confiscate your car if you cannot pay the fine. 
• Authorities fine drivers without the proper permits in historic downtown areas of cities and towns across Italy.  
• Cameras take pictures of license plates for cars driving illegally in areas that need a permit. The authorities send fines for these violations to the drivers' home in the United States for payment. 
• For legal advice or to contest a fine, you may wish to consult a lawyer licensed in Italy.

Aviation safety oversight 

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has found that Italy’s Civil Aviation Authority meets international standards for aviation safety oversight. FAA’s website includes more information on its assessment program.   

Maritime travel 

Rules for operating and maintaining boats in Italy may be different from those in the United States. New rules went into effect October 2024, but they are not always followed.  

If you rent a boat or go on a boat trip, ask the vendor or operator about safety measures. You can find information in English about watercraft safety standards in Italy on the Sailing News (Giornale della Vela) website. 

Mariners planning travel to Italy should check the following:   

• U.S. Coast Guard Homeport Directory 
• U.S. Department of Transportation Maritime Advisories 
• MARAD Active Maritime Alerts  
• Maritime Safety Office Navigational Warnings  

Weather

The top 3 weather events in Italy are: 

• Heatwaves – High temperatures, especially in summer, are common in the south. 
• Thunderstorms – Heavy rain, lightning, and gusty winds, mainly in spring and summer. 
• Snowstorms – Common in northern and mountainous regions during winter. 

These events are the most frequent and impactful in Italy. Weather varies by region. The north has more snow and is colder. The south has hotter summers. 

Natural disasters 

• Civil Protection Italy. 
• Ready: Emergency Preparedness Campaign U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
• Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia .

The Italian Civil Protection agency is well-equipped to help both Italians and visitors during natural disasters.  

• Earthquakes: There are several major fault lines that cross Italy. Earthquakes are frequent.  
• Flooding: High tides in Venice can cause flooding.   
• Avalanches: Common in mountainous areas. May occasionally occur after heavy snowfall in the winter. 
• Volcanoes: There are several active volcanoes, including Mt. Etna in eastern Sicily. Travelers to Sicily should be aware of the possibility of travel disruptions, including airport closures, in the event of volcanic activity. Italy has many other areas of potential volcanic activity, especially near Naples.  

Any visit to an active volcano or volcanic field is risky. Eruptions can occur with little to no warning. Exercise caution, follow posted instructions, stay on authorized trails, and use well-known tour operators. 

Living abroad resources

If you live abroad for a long time, you or your family may experience various life events. 

• Learn how to prepare for life events like voting, getting married, or the birth of a child. 
• Ensure you have a plan for healthcare or insurance abroad 
• Even abroad, you still have certain obligations such as paying your U.S. taxes or registering for military selective service.