āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ

āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ

āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖā§€āϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, this āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻāĻ•āχ: āϏ⧇āχ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖā§€āϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāϪ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĨ¤

class MyClass {
    myField;
}

const myClassInstance = new MyClass();

myClassInstance;
> MyClass { myField: undefined }

āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāύ āϏāĻš āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻļāχ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āϟ āĻŽāĻžāύ āϝāĻž āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ“āĻ­āĻžāϰāϰāĻžāχāϟ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇:

class MyClass {
    myResult = false;
    set setValue( myValue ) {
        this.myResult = myValue;
    }
}
const myClassInstance = new MyClass();

myClassInstance;
> Object { myResult: false }

myClassInstance.setValue = true;

myClassInstance;\
> Object { myResult: true }

āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ this āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āϰ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āϝ⧇āϕ⧋āύ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāχāϰ⧇ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āϏ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤

class MyClass {
    myField = true;
}

const myClassInstance = new MyClass();

myClassInstance.myField;
> true

myClassInstance.myField = false;

myClassInstance.myField;
> false;

āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āφāϰāĻ“ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϤ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ

āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāχāϰ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āϏāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ, āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāϪ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāϜāĻ¸ā§āĻŦ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϰ āϏ⧇āϟ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤

āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇, āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϏāύāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ # āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ:

class MyClass {
    #myPrivateField = true;
    #myPrivateMethod() {}
}
const myClassInstance = new MyClass();

myClassInstance;
> MyClass { #myPrivateField: true }
    #myPrivateField: true
    <prototype>: Object { â€Ļ }
        constructor: class MyClass {}
        <prototype>: Object { â€Ļ }

āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāχāϭ⧇āϟ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĄ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ this āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ this āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤

āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāĻ“ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āϏ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻžā§ˇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŽāĻžāύāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϟ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻ¤ā§āϤ āϗ⧇āϟāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏ⧇āϟāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻžāχāϰ⧇ āĻĄā§‡āϟāĻž āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇āχ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ⧇ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āϏāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĨ¤

class MyClass {
    #myResult = false;
    set setValue( myValue ) {
        this.#myResult = myValue;
    }
}
const myClassInstance = new MyClass();

myClassInstance;
> MyClass { #myResult: false }

myClassInstance.#myResult = true;
> Uncaught SyntaxError: reference to undeclared private field or method #myResult

myClassInstance.setValue = true;

myClassInstance;\
> MyClass { #myResult: true }

āϝāĻžāχāĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāωāϜāĻžāϰāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•āύāϏ⧋āϞāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻŋāĻ‚āϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āϏ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāύāϤ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽā§‹āĻĻāύāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ , āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ…āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžā§āϜāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ:

class MyClass {
    #myPrivateField = true;
    #myPrivateMethod() {
        console.log( "This is inside a private method." );
    }
}
const myClassInstance = new MyClass();

myClassInstance;
> MyClass {#myPrivateField: true}

myClassInstance.#myPrivateField;
> true

myClassInstance.#myPrivateMethod();
> "This is inside a private method."
class MyClass {
    #myPrivateField = true;
    #myPrivateMethod() {
        console.log( "This is inside a private method." );
    }
}
const myClassInstance = new MyClass();

myClassInstance;
> MyClass {#myPrivateField: true}

myClassInstance.#myPrivateField;
> Uncaught SyntaxError: reference to undeclared private field or method #myPrivateField

myClassInstance.#myPrivateMethod();
> Uncaught SyntaxError: reference to undeclared private field or method #myPrivateMethod

āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāχāϭ⧇āϟ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ⧇ āĻĻ⧃āĻĸāĻŧāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧋āĻĒ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇āϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāϞ āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•āĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ• āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖā§€āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āϏ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āύāĻž:

class MyClass {
    #myPrivateField = true;
}
class ChildClass extends MyClass {
    childMethod() {
        console.log( this.#myPrivateField );
    }
}
> Uncaught SyntaxError: reference to undeclared private field or method #myPrivateField

āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ

āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āχ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖā§€āϰ āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝ, āϏ⧇āχ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖā§€āϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇, āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĄā§‡āϟāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āύāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻž, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āĻĻ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ - āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, āĻļ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻ•āύāĻĢāĻŋāĻ—āĻžāϰ⧇āĻļāύ āϤāĻĨā§āϝāĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻļāχ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āχāωāϟāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāύ, āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ›āĻžāχ āĻ•āϰāĻžāĨ¤

āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇, static āϕ⧀āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ:

class MyClass {
    static myStaticField;
    static myStaticMethod() {}
}
const myClassInstance = new MyClass();

āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĄāϟ āύ⧋āĻŸā§‡āĻļāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ:

class MyClass {
    constructor() {}
}
MyClass.myStaticMethod = function() {}

āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āϏ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ āĻ•āύāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āϟāϰ⧇ āωāĻĒāϞāĻŦā§āϧ:

class MyClass {
    static myStaticField = true;
    static myStaticMethod() {
        console.log( "A static method." );
    }
}
const myClassInstance = new MyClass();

myClassInstance.myStaticField;
> undefined

myClassInstance.myStaticMethod();
> Uncaught TypeError: myClassInstance.myStaticMethod is not a function

MyClass.myStaticField;
> true

MyClass.myStaticMethod();
> "A static method."

āĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āχāωāϟāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‹āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŽ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ›āĻžāχ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āύāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϟāϰāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āϝāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϏ⧇āϟāφāĻĒ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇:

class User {
    constructor( name, email ) {
        this.name = name;
        this.email = email;
    }
    static fromObject( myObject ) {
        return new User( myObject.name, myObject.email ?? "Omitted" );
    }
}
const userObject = {
    "name" : "My Name",
    "email" : "my@email.address"
};
const secondUserObject = {
    "name" : "My Name"
};

const firstUser = User.fromObject( userObject );
const secondUser = User.fromObject( secondUserObject );

firstUser;
> Object { name: "My Name", email: "my@email.address" }

secondUser;
> Object { name: "My Name", email: "Omitted" }

āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϞāĻŦā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ

āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āϕ⧋āύ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĄā§‡ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻŋāϤāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ?

āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ
āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ
Static fields