Reverse Shell

This document describes a threat finding type in Security Command Center. Threat findings are generated by threat detectors when they detect a potential threat in your cloud resources. For a full list of available threat findings, see Threat findings index.

Overview

A process started with stream redirection to a remote connected socket. Spawning a network-connected shell can allow an attacker to perform arbitrary actions after a limited initial compromise.

How to respond

To respond to this finding, do the following:

Step 1: Review finding details

  1. Open a Reverse Shell finding as directed in Reviewing findings. The details panel for the finding opens to the Summary tab.

  2. On the Summary tab, review the information in the following sections:

    • What was detected, especially the following fields:
      • Program binary: the absolute path of the process started with stream redirection to a remote socket.
      • Arguments: the arguments provided when invoking the process binary.
    • Affected resource, especially the following fields:
      • Resource full name: the full resource name of the cluster.
      • Project full name: the affected Google Cloud project.
    • Related links, especially the following fields:
      • VirusTotal indicator: link to the VirusTotal analysis page.

  3. In the detail view of the finding, click the JSON tab.

  4. In the JSON, note the following fields.

    • resource:
      • project_display_name: the name of the project that contains the asset.
    • sourceProperties:
      • Pod_Namespace: the name of the Pod's Kubernetes namespace.
      • Pod_Name: the name of the GKE Pod.
      • Container_Name: the name of the affected container.
      • VM_Instance_Name: the name of the GKE node where the Pod executed.
      • Reverse_Shell_Stdin_Redirection_Dst_Ip: the remote IP address of the connection
      • Reverse_Shell_Stdin_Redirection_Dst_Port: the remote port
      • Reverse_Shell_Stdin_Redirection_Src_Ip: the local IP address of the connection
      • Reverse_Shell_Stdin_Redirection_Src_Port: the local port
      • Container_Image_Uri: the name of the container image being executed.

Step 2: Review cluster and node

  1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Kubernetes clusters page.

    Go to Kubernetes clusters

  2. On the Google Cloud console toolbar, select the project listed in resource.project_display_name, if necessary.

  3. Select the cluster listed in resource.name. Note any metadata about the cluster and its owner.

  4. Click the Nodes tab. Select the node listed in VM_Instance_Name.

  5. Click the Details tab and note the container.googleapis.com/instance_id annotation.

Step 3: Review Pod

  1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Kubernetes Workloads page.

    Go to Kubernetes Workloads

  2. On the Google Cloud console toolbar, select the project listed in resource.project_display_name, if necessary.

  3. Filter on the cluster listed in resource.name and the Pod namespace listed in Pod_Namespace, if necessary.

  4. Select the Pod listed in Pod_Name. Note any metadata about the Pod and its owner.

Step 4: Check logs

  1. In the Google Cloud console, go to Logs Explorer.

    Go to Logs Explorer

  2. On the Google Cloud console toolbar, select the project listed in resource.project_display_name, if necessary.

  3. Set Select time range to the period of interest.

  4. On the page that loads, do the following:

    1. Find Pod logs for Pod_Name by using the following filter:
      • resource.type="k8s_container"
      • resource.labels.project_id="resource.project_display_name"
      • resource.labels.location="location"
      • resource.labels.cluster_name="cluster_name"
      • resource.labels.namespace_name="Pod_Namespace"
      • resource.labels.pod_name="Pod_Name"
    2. Find cluster audit logs by using the following filter:
      • logName="projects/resource.project_display_name/logs/cloudaudit.googleapis.com%2Factivity"
      • resource.type="k8s_cluster"
      • resource.labels.project_id="resource.project_display_name"
      • resource.labels.location="location"
      • resource.labels.cluster_name="cluster_name"
      • Pod_Name
    3. Find GKE node console logs by using the following filter:
      • resource.type="gce_instance"
      • resource.labels.instance_id="instance_id"

Step 5: Investigate running container

If the container is still running, it might be possible to investigate the container environment directly.

  1. Go to the Google Cloud console.

    Open Google Cloud console

  2. On the Google Cloud console toolbar, select the project listed in resource.project_display_name, if necessary.

  3. Click Activate Cloud Shell.

  4. Obtain GKE credentials for your cluster by running the following commands.

    For zonal clusters:

      gcloud container clusters get-credentials cluster_name --zone location --project resource.project_display_name

    For regional clusters:

      gcloud container clusters get-credentials cluster_name --region location --project resource.project_display_name

  5. Launch a shell within the container environment by running:

      kubectl exec --namespace=Pod_Namespace -ti Pod_Name -c Container_Name -- /bin/sh

    This command requires the container to have a shell installed at /bin/sh.

    To view all processes running in the container, run the following command in the container shell:

      ps axjf

    This command requires the container to have /bin/ps installed.

Step 6: Research attack and response methods

  1. Review MITRE ATT&CK framework entries for this finding type: Command and Scripting Interpreter, Ingress Tool Transfer.
  2. Check the SHA-256 hash value for the binary flagged as malicious on VirusTotal by clicking the link in VirusTotal indicator. VirusTotal is an Alphabet-owned service that provides context on potentially malicious files, URLs, domains, and IP addresses.
  3. To develop a response plan, combine your investigation results with the MITRE research and VirusTotal analysis.

Step 7: Implement your response

The following response plan might be appropriate for this finding, but might also impact operations. Carefully evaluate the information you gather in your investigation to determine the best way to resolve findings.

  • Contact the owner of the project with the compromised container.
  • Stop or delete the compromised container and replace it with a new container.

What's next