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Bamum script

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Bamum
A book in the sixth Bamum script, c. 1910.
Script type
Period
c. 1896, moribund c. 1931, revived c. 2007
DirectionLeft-to-right Edit this on Wikidata
LanguagesBamum
Related scripts
Child systems
Bagam?
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Bamu (435), โ€‹Bamum
Unicode
Unicode alias
Bamum
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and โŸจ โŸฉ, see IPA ยง Brackets and transcription delimiters.
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The Bamum scripts are an evolutionary series of six scripts created for the Bamum language by Ibrahim Njoya, King of Bamum (now western Cameroon). They are notable for evolving from a pictographic system to a semi-syllabary in the space of fourteen years, from 1896 to 1910. Bamum type was cast in 1918, but the script fell into disuse around 1931. A project began around 2007 to revive the Bamum script.[1]

The Bamum script is also used to write the Shรผmom language, also invented by Njoya.[2]

History

[edit]

In its initial form, Bamum script was a pictographic mnemonic aid (proto-writing) of 500 to 600 characters. As Njoya revised the script, he introduced logograms (word symbols). The sixth version, completed by 1910, is a syllabary with 80 characters. It is also called a-ka-u-ku after its first four characters. The version in use by 1906 was called mbima.[3]

The script was further refined in 1918, when Njoya had copper sorts cast for printing. The script fell into disuse in 1931 with the exile of Njoya to Yaoundรฉ, Cameroon.[4]

At present, Bamum script is not in any significant use. However, the Bamum Scripts and Archives Project is attempting to modernize and revive the script. The project is based in the old Bamum capital of Foumban.[5]

Phase A

[edit]

The initial form of Bamum script, called Lewa ("book"), was developed in 1896โ€“1897. It consisted of 465 pictograms (511 according to some sources) and 10 characters for the digits 1โ€“10. The writing direction could be top-to-bottom, left-to-right, or bottom-to-top. (Right-to-left was avoided because that was the direction of the Arabic script used by the neighboring Hausa people.)

Phase B

[edit]

The second system, called Mbima ("mixed"), was developed in 1899โ€“1900. It was a simplification of the first; Njoya omitted 72 characters but added 45 new ones. The writing direction was left-to-right in this and all subsequent phases.

Phase C

[edit]

The third system, called Nyi Nyi Nfa' after its first three characters, was developed around 1902. This simplification omitted 56 characters, leaving 371 and 10 digits. Njoya used this system to write his History of the Bamun People and in correspondence with his mother.

Phase D

[edit]

The fourth system, called Rii Nyi Nsha Mfw' after its first four characters, was developed around 1907โ€“1908. It has 285 characters and 10 digits and is a further simplification of the previous version.

Phase E

[edit]

The fifth system, called Rii Nyi Mfw' Men, was also developed around 1907โ€“1908. It has 195 characters and 10 digits and was used for a Bible translation. These first five systems are closely related: All were progressively simplified pictographic protowriting with logographic elements.

Phase F

[edit]

The sixth system, called A Ka U Ku after its first four characters, was developed around 1910. It has 82 characters and 10 digits. This phase marks a shift to a full syllabic writing system able to distinguish 160 syllables. It was used to record births, marriages, deaths, and court rulings.

Phase G

[edit]

The seventh and final system, called Mfemfe ("new") or A Ka U Ku Mfemfe, was developed around 1918. It has only 80 characters, ten of which double as both syllables and digits. Like the previous system, missing syllables are written using combinations of similar syllables plus the desired vowel, or with a diacritic.

Description

[edit]
The Bamum syllabary, less diacritics, digraphs, and the nส’ษ›mli
Map of the Kingdom of Bamun in present-day Cameroon

The 80 glyphs of modern Bamum are not enough to represent all of the consonant-vowel syllables (C V syllables) of the language. This deficiency is made up for with a diacritic or by combining glyphs having CV1 and V2 values, for CV2. This makes the script alphabetic for syllables not directly covered by the syllabary. Adding the inherent vowel of the syllable voices a consonant: tu + u = /du/, fu + u = /vu/, ju + u = /ส’u/, ja + a = /ส’a/, สƒi + i = /ส’i/, puษ™ + u = /bu/.

The two diacritics are a circumflex (ko'ndon) that may be added to any of the 80 glyphs, and a macron (tukwentis) that is restricted to a dozen. The circumflex generally has the effect of adding a glottal stop to the syllable, for instance kรข is read /kaส”/, though the vowel is shortened and any final consonant is dropped in the process, as in pรปษ™ /puส”/ and kษ›ฬ‚t /kษ›ส”/. Prenasalization is also lost: ษฒสƒรข /สƒaส”/, ntรช /teส”/, ntรปu /tuส”/. Sometimes, however, the circumflex nasalizes the vowel: nรฎ /nษ›n/, pรฎ /pin/, rรช /rษ›n/, jรปส” /jun/, mษ”ฬ‚ /mษ”n/, ษฒส’รปษ™ /jun/ (loss of NC as with glottal stop). Others are idiosyncratic: ษฒส’ษ™ฬ‚m /jษ™m/ (simple loss of NC), tษ™ฬ‚ /tษ”ส”/ (vowel change), ษฒรฎ /ษฒe/, riรช /z/, mฬ‚ /n/, สƒษฏฬ‚x /jษฏx/, nรปษ™ /ล‹uษ™/, kษฏฬ‚x /ษฃษฏ/, rษ™ฬ‚ /rษ”/, ล‹kwษ™ฬ‚n /ล‹uษ™t/, fษ”ฬ‚m /mvษ”p/, mbษ›ฬ‚n /pษ›n/, tรฎ /tษฏ/, kpรข /ล‹ma/, vลท /fy/, ษฃษ”ฬ‚m /ล‹ษกษ”m/.[6]

The macron is a 'killer stroke' that deletes the vowel from a syllable and so forms consonants and NC clusters (/nd, ล‹ษก/) that can be used for syllable codas. Consonantal /n/ is used both as a coda and to prenasalize an initial consonant. The two irregularities with the macron are ษฒส’ลซษ™, read as /j/, and ษ”ฬ„, read as /ษ™/.

The script has distinctive punctuation, including a 'capitalization' mark (nส’ษ›mli), visually similar to an inverted question mark, for proper names, and a decimal system of ten digits; the old glyph for ten has been refashioned as a zero.

Modern syllabary (phase G)

[edit]
Bamum syllabary (diacritics in gray)[7]
๊š  ๊šก ๊šข ๊šฃ ๊šค ๊šฅ ๊šฆ ๊šง ๊šจ ๊šฉ ๊šช ๊šซ ๊šฌ ๊šญ ๊šฎ ๊šฏ
a ka u ku e re tษ™ ษ” nyi i la pa rii rie lee mee
๊š ๊›ฐ ๊šก๊›ฐ ๊šข๊›ฐ ๊šฃ๊›ฐ ๊šค๊›ฐ ๊šฅ๊›ฐ ๊šฆ๊›ฐ ๊šง๊›ฐ ๊šจ๊›ฐ ๊šฉ๊›ฐ ๊šช๊›ฐ ๊šซ๊›ฐ ๊šฌ๊›ฐ ๊šญ๊›ฐ ๊šฎ๊›ฐ ๊šฏ๊›ฐ
aส” kaส” wuส” kuส” eส” rษ›n tษ”ส” ษ”ส” nye iส” laส” paส” riส” z leส” meส”
๊šง๊›ฑ
ษ™
๊šฐ ๊šฑ ๊šฒ ๊šณ ๊šด ๊šต ๊šถ ๊šท ๊šธ ๊šน ๊šบ ๊šป ๊šผ ๊šฝ ๊šพ ๊šฟ
taa ndaa nส’ษ™m m suu mu สƒii si สƒษฏx sษฏx kye kษ›t nuษ™ nu nส’uษ™ yษ”ส”
๊šฐ๊›ฐ ๊šฑ๊›ฐ ๊šฒ๊›ฐ ๊šณ๊›ฐ ๊šด๊›ฐ ๊šต๊›ฐ ๊šถ๊›ฐ ๊šท๊›ฐ ๊šธ๊›ฐ ๊šน๊›ฐ ๊šบ๊›ฐ ๊šป๊›ฐ ๊šผ๊›ฐ ๊šฝ๊›ฐ ๊šพ๊›ฐ ๊šฟ๊›ฐ
taส” ndaส” yษ™m n suส” muส” สƒiส” siส” yษฏx sษฏส” kyeส” keส” ล‹uษ™ nuส” yuษ™n yษ”ส”
๊šฑ๊›ฑ ๊šถ๊›ฑ ๊šท๊›ฑ ๊šพ๊›ฑ
nd สƒ s y
๊›€ ๊› ๊›‚ ๊›ƒ ๊›„ ๊›… ๊›† ๊›‡ ๊›ˆ ๊›‰ ๊›Š ๊›‹ ๊›Œ ๊› ๊›Ž ๊›
สƒu yu ya nสƒa kษฏx pษฏx nส’e nte pรผ wรผ pe fe ru lu mi ni
๊›€๊›ฐ ๊›๊›ฐ ๊›‚๊›ฐ ๊›ƒ๊›ฐ ๊›„๊›ฐ ๊›…๊›ฐ ๊›†๊›ฐ ๊›‡๊›ฐ ๊›ˆ๊›ฐ ๊›‰๊›ฐ ๊›Š๊›ฐ ๊›‹๊›ฐ ๊›Œ๊›ฐ ๊›๊›ฐ ๊›Ž๊›ฐ ๊›๊›ฐ
สƒuส” yun yaส” สƒaส” ษฃษฏ pษฏส” nส’eส” teส” pรผส” รผส” peส” feส” ruส” luส” miส” nษ›n
๊› ๊›‘ ๊›’ ๊›“ ๊›” ๊›• ๊›– ๊›— ๊›˜ ๊›™ ๊›š ๊›› ๊›œ ๊› ๊›ž ๊›Ÿ
rษฏx rษ™ kษ›n ล‹kwษ™n ล‹ga ล‹a สƒษ” puษ™ fu fษ”m wa na li pi lษ”ส” kษ”
๊›๊›ฐ ๊›‘๊›ฐ ๊›’๊›ฐ ๊›“๊›ฐ ๊›”๊›ฐ ๊›•๊›ฐ ๊›–๊›ฐ ๊›—๊›ฐ ๊›˜๊›ฐ ๊›™๊›ฐ ๊›š๊›ฐ ๊››๊›ฐ ๊›œ๊›ฐ ๊›๊›ฐ ๊›ž๊›ฐ ๊›Ÿ๊›ฐ
rษฏส” rษ” kษ›n ล‹uษ™t ล‹gaส” ล‹aส” สƒษ”ส” puส” fuส” mvษ”p waส” naส” liส” pin lษ”ส” kษ”ส”
๊›”๊›ฑ ๊›–๊›ฑ ๊›˜๊›ฑ ๊››๊›ฑ ๊›œ๊›ฑ ๊›Ÿ๊›ฑ
ล‹g สƒ f n l k
๊›  ๊›ก ๊›ข ๊›ฃ ๊›ค ๊›ฅ ๊›ฆ ๊›ง ๊›จ ๊›ฉ ๊›ช ๊›ซ ๊›ฌ ๊›ญ ๊›ฎ ๊›ฏ
mbษ›n
 		 rษ›n
 		 mษ›n
 		 ma
 		 ti
 		 ki
 		 mษ”
1		 mbaa
2		 tษ›t
3		 kpa
4		 tษ›n
5		 ntuu
6		 sa
7		 faa
8		 vรผ
9		 ษฃษ”m
0
๊› ๊›ฐ ๊›ก๊›ฐ ๊›ข๊›ฐ ๊›ฃ๊›ฐ ๊›ค๊›ฐ ๊›ฅ๊›ฐ ๊›ฆ๊›ฐ ๊›ง๊›ฐ ๊›จ๊›ฐ ๊›ฉ๊›ฐ ๊›ช๊›ฐ ๊›ซ๊›ฐ ๊›ฌ๊›ฐ ๊›ญ๊›ฐ ๊›ฎ๊›ฐ ๊›ฏ๊›ฐ
pษ›n rษ›n mษ›n maส” tษฏ kiส” mษ”n mbaส” tษ›t ล‹ma tษ›n tuส” saส” faส” fรผ ล‹gษ”m
๊›ค๊›ฑ ๊›ฆ๊›ฑ
t m

Punctuation

[edit]
Bamum punctuation[7][8]
๊›ฒ ๊›ณ ๊›ด ๊›ต ๊›ถ ๊›ท
nส’ษ›mli: introduces proper names or
changes the meaning of a word[6]		 .
period		 :
colon		 ,
comma		 ;
semicolon		 ?
question mark

Numerals

[edit]

The last ten base characters in the syllabary are used for both letters and numerals:[7]

Bamum digits
๊›ฏ ๊›ฆ ๊›ง ๊›จ ๊›ฉ ๊›ช ๊›ซ ๊›ฌ ๊›ญ ๊›ฎ
ษฃษ”m

0

mษ”
1		 mbaa
2		 tษ›t
3		 kpa
4		 tษ›n
5		 ntuu
6		 sa
7		 faa
8		 vรผ
9

Historically, ๊›ฏ was used for ten but was changed to zero when the numeral system became a decimal one.[7]

All versions (phases Aโ€“G)

[edit]
Bamum characters found through Phase A
Phase
A		 Interpretation   Phase
A		 Interpretation   Phase
A		 Interpretation   Phase
A		 Interpretation
๐– € ล‹kรผ mfษ”n ๐– ’ ntษ”ส”pษ›n ๐– ค mgbasa ๐– ถ mษ”ษ”mษฏt
๐–  gbie fษ”n ๐– “ kษฏkษฏtnda ๐– ฅ mษฏnส’ษ”mndษฏส” ๐– ท สƒum
๐– ‚ pษ”n mfษ”n pipษ™mgbie ๐– ” nkindi ๐– ฆ mษ”ษ”mpuส” ๐– ธ lษ”mmษ™
๐– ƒ pษ”n mfษ”n pipษ™mba ๐– • suu ๐– ง kafa ๐– น fir'i
๐– „ naa mfษ”n ๐– – ล‹kรผnzษฏm ๐– จ pa lerษ™wa ๐– บ rษ”m
๐– … สƒรผnสƒรผt ๐– — lapaส” ๐– ฉ nda lerษ™wa ๐– ป kpษ”ส”
๐– † tita mfษ”n ๐– ˜ lษ›t kut ๐– ช pษ›t ๐– ผ sษ”ส”
๐– ‡ nza mfษ”n ๐– ™ ntap mfaa ๐– ซ mษ™mkpษ›n ๐– ฝ map piet
๐– ˆ สƒinda pa nส’i ๐– š mษ™kษฏp ๐– ฌ nika ๐– พ สƒirษ™
๐– ‰ pษ”n pa nส’i pipษ™mgbie ๐– › paสƒษ™ ๐– ญ pup ๐– ฟ ntap
๐– Š pษ”n pa nส’i pipษ™mba ๐– œ ษฃษฏษ™rษ™ ๐– ฎ tuษ™p ๐–ก€ สƒษ”ส” nสƒut yum
๐– ‹ mษ™mgbie ๐–  pamสƒษ™ ๐– ฏ luษ™p ๐–ก nyit mษ”ล‹kษฏษ™ส”
๐– Œ tu mษ™mba ๐– ž mษ”n ล‹gษฏษ™t ๐– ฐ sษ”nส’am ๐–ก‚ paarษ™
๐–  ล‹aล‹u ๐– Ÿ nzun mษฏt ๐– ฑ tษฏtษฏwษ›n ๐–กƒ nkaarษ™
๐– Ž mษ™mvษฏx ๐–   u yuส” nษ™ ๐– ฒ mษ™nyi ๐–ก„ (unknown)
๐–  mansuษ™ ๐– ก ษฃษฏษ™ษฃษฏษ™ ๐– ณ kษ›t
๐–  mvษฏษ™ล‹am ๐– ข ntap ntaa ๐– ด ndaaล‹gษฏษ™t
๐– ‘ sษฏnyam ๐– ฃ sisa ๐– ต kuษ”ส”
A Interpretation A Interpretation A Interpretation A Interpretation
Bamum characters found through Phase B
Phase Interpretation   Phase Interpretation   Phase Interpretation
A B A B A B
๐–ก— ๐–ก— nสƒรผt ๐–กจ ๐–กจ tu nsie ๐–กน ๐–กน mษฏส”
๐–ก˜ ๐–ก˜ tu mษ™mgbie ๐–กฉ ๐–กฉ สƒษ›t nส’aส” ๐–กบ ๐–กบ ล‹guษ”ส” ("small termite")
๐–ก™ ๐–ก™ sie ๐–กช ๐–กช สƒษฏษ™ส”tu ๐–กป ๐–กป ล‹guษ”ส” ("large termite")
๐–กš ๐–กš sษ›t tu ๐–กซ ๐–กซ mfษ”n tษฏษ™ส” ๐–กผ mfiyaส”
๐–ก› ๐–ก› lษ”m ntษฏm ๐–กฌ mbit mbaakษ›t ๐–กฝ ๐–กฝ sรผ
๐–กœ ๐–กœ mba mษ™le ๐–กญ ๐–กญ nyi ntษฏm ๐–กพ ๐–กพ mbษฏri
๐–ก ๐–ก kiem ๐–กฎ kษฏpuส” ๐–กฟ ๐–กฟ mษ”ntien
๐–กž ๐–กž yษฏrษ™ ๐–กฏ ๐–กฏ ษฃษฏษฃษ›n ๐–ข€ ๐–ข€ nyษ™mษ™
๐–กŸ ๐–กŸ mbaarษ™ ๐–กฐ ๐–กฐ kษฏyษฏx ๐–ข ๐–ข puล‹aam
๐–ก  ๐–ก  kam ๐–กฑ ๐–กฑ laanษ™ ๐–ข‚ ๐–ข‚ mษฏt ล‹get
๐–กก ๐–กก peสƒi ๐–กฒ ๐–กฒ parum ๐–ขƒ ๐–ขƒ fษฏx
๐–กข ๐–กข yafu lerษ™wa ๐–กณ ๐–กณ vษฏm ๐–ข„ ๐–ข„ mbuษ”ส”
๐–กฃ ๐–กฃ lam nสƒut nyam ๐–กด ๐–กด ล‹kindi mvษ”p ๐–ข… ๐–ข… fe
๐–กค ๐–กค ntie สƒษฏษ”ส” ๐–กต ๐–กต ล‹gษฏ mbu ๐–ข† kษฏษ™m
๐–กฅ ๐–กฅ ndu nส’aa ๐–กถ ๐–กถ wuษ™t ๐–ข‡ ๐–ข‡ ma nส’ษฏษ™na
๐–กฆ ๐–กฆ ษฃษฏษฃษฏษ™m ๐–ขˆ ๐–ขˆ ma nส’uส”a ๐–กท ๐–กท sakษฏษ™
๐–กง ๐–กง pit ๐–กธ ๐–กธ taam
A B Interpretation A B Interpretation A B Interpretation
Bamum characters found through Phase C
Phase Interpretation   Phase Interpretation   Phase Interpretation
A B C A B C A B C
๐–ข ๐–ข ๐–ข ล‹kรผ mษ™mba ๐–ขซ ๐–ขซ ๐–ขซ ndida ๐–ฃ‡ ๐–ฃ‡ ๐–ฃ‡ nsuษ”t ล‹ษ”m
๐–ข ๐–ข ๐–ข nza ๐–ขฌ ๐–ขฌ ๐–ขฌ taaสƒษ™ ๐–ฃˆ ๐–ฃˆ ๐–ฃˆ nส’ee
๐–ข‘ ๐–ข‘ ๐–ข‘ yum ๐–ขญ ๐–ขญ ๐–ขญ nส’รผส” ๐–ฃ‰ ๐–ฃ‰ ๐–ฃ‰ kษ›t
๐–ข’ ๐–ข’ ๐–ข’ waล‹kuษ”ส” ๐–ขฎ ๐–ขฎ ๐–ขฎ tita yรผ ๐–ฃŠ ๐–ฃŠ ๐–ฃŠ ล‹gu
๐–ก… ๐–ข“ ๐–ข“ ล‹gษ›n ๐–ขฏ ๐–ขฏ ๐–ขฏ suษ™t ๐–ก† ๐–ฃ‹ ๐–ฃ‹ mษ™si
๐–ข” ๐–ข” ๐–ข” ndษฏษ™re ๐–ขฐ ๐–ขฐ ๐–ขฐ ล‹guษ™n nyam ๐–ฃŒ ๐–ฃŒ mbuษ™m
๐–ข• ๐–ข• ๐–ข• ล‹kaส” ๐–ขฑ ๐–ขฑ ๐–ขฑ vษฏx ๐–ฃ ๐–ฃ ๐–ฃ lu
๐–ข– ๐–ข– ๐–ข– ษฃarษ™ ๐–ขฒ ๐–ขฒ ๐–ขฒ nansanaส” ๐–ฃŽ ๐–ฃŽ ๐–ฃŽ kut
๐–ข— ๐–ข— ๐–ข— mbeket ๐–ขณ ๐–ขณ ๐–ขณ ma kษฏษ™ri ๐–ก‡ ๐–ฃ ๐–ฃ nส’am
๐–ข˜ ๐–ข˜ ๐–ข˜ gbayi ๐–ขด ๐–ขด ๐–ขด ntaa ๐–ฃ ๐–ฃ ๐–ฃ ล‹ษ”m
๐–ข™ ๐–ข™ ๐–ข™ nyir mkparaส” mษฏn ๐–ขต ๐–ขต ๐–ขต ล‹guษ”n ๐–ฃ‘ ๐–ฃ‘ ๐–ฃ‘ wup
๐–ขš ๐–ขš ๐–ขš ntu mbit ๐–ขถ ๐–ขถ ๐–ขถ lap ๐–ฃ’ ๐–ฃ’ ๐–ฃ’ ล‹guet
๐–ข› ๐–ข› ๐–ข› mbษฏm ๐–ขท ๐–ขท ๐–ขท mbirien ๐–ฃ“ ๐–ฃ“ ๐–ฃ“ nsษ”m
๐–ขœ ๐–ขœ ๐–ขœ pirien ๐–ขธ ๐–ขธ ๐–ขธ mgbasaส” ๐–ฃ” ๐–ฃ” ๐–ฃ” ntษ›n
๐–ข ๐–ข ๐–ข ndษ”mbu ๐–ขน ๐–ขน ๐–ขน ntษฏngba ๐–ฃ• ๐–ฃ• ๐–ฃ• kuษ”p nkaarษ™
๐–ขž ๐–ขž ๐–ขž mbaa ๐–ขบ ๐–ขบ ๐–ขบ tษฏtษฏx ๐–ฃ– ๐–ฃ– ๐–ฃ– nsun
๐–ขŸ ๐–ขŸ ๐–ขŸ kษฏสƒษฏษ™p ๐–ขป ๐–ขป ๐–ขป ล‹gum ๐–ฃ— ๐–ฃ— ๐–ฃ— ndam
๐–ข  ๐–ข  ๐–ข  ษฃap ๐–ขผ ๐–ขผ ๐–ขผ fรผ ๐–ฃ˜ ๐–ฃ˜ ๐–ฃ˜ ma nsie
๐–ขก ๐–ขก ๐–ขก kษฏkaส” ๐–ขฝ ๐–ขฝ ๐–ขฝ ndษฏt ๐–ฃ™ ๐–ฃ™ ๐–ฃ™ yaa
๐–ขข ๐–ขข ๐–ขข yu muษ”mษ™ ๐–ขพ ๐–ขพ ๐–ขพ nsa ๐–ฃš ๐–ฃš ndap
๐–ขฃ ๐–ขฃ ๐–ขฃ nzษฏm ๐–ขฟ ๐–ขฟ ๐–ขฟ nสƒaส” ๐–ฃ› ๐–ฃ› ๐–ฃ› สƒรผส”
๐–ขค ๐–ขค ๐–ขค mbรผ ๐–ฃ€ ๐–ฃ€ ๐–ฃ€ buล‹ ๐–ฃœ ๐–ฃœ ๐–ฃœ สƒษ›tfษ”n
๐–ขฅ ๐–ขฅ ๐–ขฅ nsษฏษ™n ๐–ฃ ๐–ฃ ๐–ฃ vษฏษ™pษ›n ๐–ฃ ๐–ฃ mbi
๐–ขฆ ๐–ขฆ ๐–ขฆ mbit ๐–ฃ‚ ๐–ฃ‚ ๐–ฃ‚ mbษ›rษ™ ๐–ฃž ๐–ฃž ๐–ฃž mษ™mba
๐–ขง ๐–ขง ๐–ขง yษฏส” ๐–ฃƒ ๐–ฃƒ ๐–ฃƒ ru ๐–กˆ ๐–ฃŸ ๐–ฃŸ mbanyi
๐–ขจ ๐–ขจ ๐–ขจ kparaส” ๐–ฃ„ ๐–ฃ„ ๐–ฃ„ nส’ษ™m ๐–ฃ  ๐–ฃ  ๐–ฃ  kษฏsษฏx
๐–ขฉ ๐–ขฉ ๐–ขฉ kaa ๐–ฃ… ๐–ฃ… ๐–ฃ… lam ๐–ฃก ๐–ฃก mbษฏx
๐–ขช ๐–ขช ๐–ขช sษฏx ๐–ฃ† ๐–ฃ† ๐–ฃ† tituษ™p ๐–ฃข ๐–ฃข kษฏm
A B C Interpretation A B C Interpretation A B C Interpretation
Bamum characters found through Phase D
Phase Interpretation   Phase Interpretation
A B C D A B C D
๐–ฃฑ ๐–ฃฑ ๐–ฃฑ ๐–ฃฑ mbuษ” ๐–ค ๐–ค ๐–ค ๐–ค mfo
๐–ฃฒ ๐–ฃฒ ๐–ฃฒ ๐–ฃฒ wap ๐–คž ๐–คž ๐–คž lum
๐–ฃณ ๐–ฃณ ๐–ฃณ ๐–ฃณ nส’i ๐–คŸ ๐–คŸ ๐–คŸ ๐–คŸ nsiep
๐–ฃด ๐–ฃด ๐–ฃด ๐–ฃด mfษ”n ๐–ฃฃ ๐–ฃฃ ๐–ฃฃ ๐–ค  mbaa
๐–ฃต ๐–ฃต ๐–ฃต ๐–ฃต nส’ie ๐–คก ๐–คก ๐–คก ๐–คก kwษ™t
๐–ฃถ ๐–ฃถ ๐–ฃถ ๐–ฃถ lie ๐–ก‰ ๐–คข ๐–คข ๐–คข nyษ›t
๐–ฃท ๐–ฃท ๐–ฃท nส’ษฏt ๐–กŠ ๐–คฃ tษฏษ™n
๐–ฃธ ๐–ฃธ ๐–ฃธ nสƒe ๐–ก‹ ๐–คค ๐–คค ๐–คค sษ”t
๐–ฃน ๐–ฃน ๐–ฃน ๐–ฃน ล‹gaamษ™ ๐–ฃค ๐–ฃค ๐–ฃค ๐–คฅ yuwษ”ส”
๐–ฃบ ๐–ฃบ ๐–ฃบ ๐–ฃบ nyam ๐–คฆ ๐–คฆ ๐–คฆ ๐–คฆ kษฏm
๐–ฃป ๐–ฃป ๐–ฃป ๐–ฃป wuษ™n ๐–คง ๐–คง ๐–คง ๐–คง rษ™m
๐–ฃผ ๐–ฃผ ๐–ฃผ ๐–ฃผ ล‹kun ๐–คจ ๐–คจ ๐–คจ ๐–คจ tee
๐–ฃฝ ๐–ฃฝ ๐–ฃฝ ๐–ฃฝ สƒe ๐–คฉ ๐–คฉ ๐–คฉ ๐–คฉ ล‹kษฏษ™ส”
๐–ฃพ ๐–ฃพ ๐–ฃพ ๐–ฃพ ล‹kap ๐–คช ๐–คช ๐–คช ๐–คช mfษฏษ™
๐–ฃฟ ๐–ฃฟ ๐–ฃฟ ๐–ฃฟ kษฏษ™tmษฏn ๐–คซ ๐–คซ ๐–คซ ๐–คซ nsiet
๐–ค€ ๐–ค€ ๐–ค€ tษฏt ๐–คฌ ๐–คฌ ๐–คฌ ๐–คฌ kษฏp
๐–ค ๐–ค ๐–ค ๐–ค สƒษฏษ™ ๐–คญ ๐–คญ ๐–คญ ๐–คญ pip
๐–ค‚ ๐–ค‚ ๐–ค‚ ๐–ค‚ nส’ap ๐–คฎ ๐–คฎ ๐–คฎ ๐–คฎ pษฏtษ™
๐–คƒ ๐–คƒ ๐–คƒ ๐–คƒ sรผ ๐–คฏ ๐–คฏ ๐–คฏ ๐–คฏ nyรผ
๐–ค„ ๐–ค„ ๐–ค„ ๐–ค„ kษ›t ๐–ข‰ ๐–ข‰ ๐–คฐ ๐–คฐ lษ›t
๐–ค… ๐–ค… ๐–ค… yษ™mmษ™ ๐–ขŠ ๐–คฑ ๐–คฑ ล‹gaam
๐–ค† ๐–ค† ๐–ค† kuษ”m ๐–คฒ ๐–คฒ ๐–คฒ ๐–คฒ mfie
๐–ค‡ ๐–ค‡ ๐–ค‡ ๐–ค‡ sap ๐–คณ ๐–คณ ๐–คณ ล‹gwษ™n
๐–คˆ ๐–คˆ ๐–คˆ ๐–คˆ mfษฏt ๐–คด ๐–คด ๐–คด yuษ”m
๐–ค‰ ๐–ค‰ ๐–ค‰ ๐–ค‰ ndษฏx ๐–คต ๐–คต ๐–คต pap
๐–คŠ ๐–คŠ ๐–คŠ ๐–คŠ maleri ๐–คถ ๐–คถ ๐–คถ ๐–คถ yuษ”p
๐–ค‹ ๐–ค‹ ๐–ค‹ ๐–ค‹ mษฏt ๐–คท ๐–คท ๐–คท ๐–คท ndam
๐–คŒ ๐–คŒ ๐–คŒ ๐–คŒ sษฏษ™ส” ๐–คธ ๐–คธ ๐–คธ ๐–คธ ntษฏm
๐–ค ๐–ค ๐–ค ๐–ค yษ›n ๐–คน ๐–คน ๐–คน ๐–คน suษ™
๐–คŽ ๐–คŽ ๐–คŽ ๐–คŽ nส’ษฏษ™m ๐–คบ ๐–คบ ๐–คบ ๐–คบ kun
๐–ค ๐–ค ๐–ค ๐–ค kษฏษ”t mbuษ™ ๐–คป ๐–คป ๐–คป ๐–คป ล‹gษฏx
๐–ค ๐–ค ๐–ค ๐–ค ล‹kษฏri ๐–คผ ๐–คผ ๐–คผ ๐–คผ ล‹kie
๐–ค‘ ๐–ค‘ ๐–ค‘ tu ๐–คฝ ๐–คฝ ๐–คฝ ๐–คฝ tuษ”t
๐–ค’ ๐–ค’ ๐–ค’ ๐–ค’ ษฃaa ๐–คพ ๐–คพ ๐–คพ ๐–คพ mษฏn
๐–ค“ ๐–ค“ ๐–ค“ ๐–ค“ ล‹kye ๐–คฟ ๐–คฟ ๐–คฟ kuส”
๐–ค” ๐–ค” ๐–ค” ๐–ค” fษฏfษฏษ™t ๐–ฅ€ ๐–ฅ€ ๐–ฅ€ nsum
๐–ค• ๐–ค• ๐–ค• ๐–ค• nde ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ tษฏn
๐–ค– ๐–ค– ๐–ค– ๐–ค– mgbษ”fum ๐–ฅ‚ ๐–ฅ‚ ๐–ฅ‚ ๐–ฅ‚ mษ™nส’ษ›t
๐–ค— ๐–ค— ๐–ค— lษฏษ™p ๐–ฅƒ ๐–ฅƒ ๐–ฅƒ ๐–ฅƒ ล‹gap
๐–ค˜ ๐–ค˜ ๐–ค˜ ๐–ค˜ ndษ”n ๐–ฅ„ ๐–ฅ„ ๐–ฅ„ lษฏm
๐–ค™ ๐–ค™ ๐–ค™ ๐–ค™ mษ”ni ๐–ฅ… ๐–ฅ… ๐–ฅ… ๐–ฅ… ล‹guษ”m
๐–คš ๐–คš ๐–คš mgbษฏn ๐–ฅ† ๐–ฅ† ๐–ฅ† ๐–ฅ† nสƒut
๐–ค› ๐–ค› ๐–ค› ๐–ค› puut ๐–ฅ‡ ๐–ฅ‡ ๐–ฅ‡ ๐–ฅ‡ nส’รผส”
๐–คœ ๐–คœ ๐–คœ ๐–คœ mgbie
A B C D Interpretation A B C D Interpretation
Bamum characters found through Phase E
Phase Interpretation   Phase Interpretation
A B C D E A B C D E
๐–ฅฆ ๐–ฅฆ ๐–ฅฆ ๐–ฅฆ ๐–ฅฆ ndap ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ vษฏษ™
๐–ฅง ๐–ฅง ๐–ฅง ๐–ฅง ๐–ฅง tษ”ษ”n ๐–ฆž ๐–ฆž ๐–ฆž ๐–ฆž ๐–ฆž wษฏx
๐–ฅจ ๐–ฅจ ๐–ฅจ ๐–ฅจ ๐–ฅจ mbษฏm ๐–ฆŸ ๐–ฆŸ ๐–ฆŸ ๐–ฆŸ ๐–ฆŸ laam
๐–ฅฉ ๐–ฅฉ ๐–ฅฉ ๐–ฅฉ ๐–ฅฉ lap ๐–ฆ  ๐–ฆ  ๐–ฆ  ๐–ฆ  ๐–ฆ  pu
๐–ฅช ๐–ฅช ๐–ฅช ๐–ฅช ๐–ฅช vษ”m ๐–ฆก ๐–ฆก ๐–ฆก ๐–ฆก ๐–ฆก taaส”
๐–ฅซ ๐–ฅซ ๐–ฅซ ๐–ฅซ ๐–ฅซ lษ”n ๐–ฆข ๐–ฆข ๐–ฆข ๐–ฆข ๐–ฆข ษฃaamษ™
๐–ฅฌ ๐–ฅฌ ๐–ฅฌ ๐–ฅฌ ๐–ฅฌ paa ๐–ฆฃ ๐–ฆฃ ๐–ฆฃ ๐–ฆฃ ล‹ษฏrษฏt
๐–ฅญ ๐–ฅญ ๐–ฅญ ๐–ฅญ ๐–ฅญ sษ”m ๐–ฆค ๐–ฆค ๐–ฆค ๐–ฆค ๐–ฆค สƒษฏษ™ส”
๐–ฅฎ ๐–ฅฎ ๐–ฅฎ ๐–ฅฎ ๐–ฅฎ raส” ๐–ฆฅ ๐–ฆฅ ๐–ฆฅ ๐–ฆฅ ๐–ฆฅ mgbษ›n
๐–ฅฏ ๐–ฅฏ ๐–ฅฏ ๐–ฅฏ ๐–ฅฏ nสƒuษ”p ๐–ฆฆ ๐–ฆฆ ๐–ฆฆ ๐–ฆฆ mbe
๐–ฅฐ ๐–ฅฐ ๐–ฅฐ ๐–ฅฐ ๐–ฅฐ ndun ๐–ฆง ๐–ฆง ๐–ฆง ๐–ฆง ๐–ฆง nzaส”
๐–ฅฑ ๐–ฅฑ ๐–ฅฑ ๐–ฅฑ ๐–ฅฑ puษ™ ๐–ฆจ ๐–ฆจ ๐–ฆจ ๐–ฆจ ๐–ฆจ nkษ”m
๐–ฅฒ ๐–ฅฒ ๐–ฅฒ ๐–ฅฒ ๐–ฅฒ tam ๐–ฆฉ ๐–ฆฉ ๐–ฆฉ ๐–ฆฉ ๐–ฆฉ gbษ›t
๐–ฅณ ๐–ฅณ ๐–ฅณ ๐–ฅณ ๐–ฅณ ล‹ka ๐–ฆช ๐–ฆช ๐–ฆช ๐–ฆช ๐–ฆช tum
๐–ฅด ๐–ฅด ๐–ฅด ๐–ฅด ๐–ฅด kpษฏx ๐–ฆซ ๐–ฆซ ๐–ฆซ ๐–ฆซ ๐–ฆซ kรผt
๐–ฅต ๐–ฅต ๐–ฅต ๐–ฅต ๐–ฅต wuษ” ๐–ฆฌ ๐–ฆฌ ๐–ฆฌ ๐–ฆฌ yap
๐–ฅถ ๐–ฅถ ๐–ฅถ ๐–ฅถ se ๐–ก ๐–ฆญ ๐–ฆญ ๐–ฆญ ๐–ฆญ nyi
๐–ฅท ๐–ฅท ๐–ฅท ๐–ฅท ๐–ฅท ล‹gษฏษ™t ๐–ฆฎ ๐–ฆฎ ๐–ฆฎ ๐–ฆฎ ๐–ฆฎ yit
๐–กŒ ๐–ฅธ ๐–ฅธ ๐–ฅธ ๐–ฅธ paam ๐–ฆฏ ๐–ฆฏ ๐–ฆฏ ๐–ฆฏ mfษฏส”
๐–ฅน ๐–ฅน ๐–ฅน ๐–ฅน ๐–ฅน tษ”ษ” ๐–ฆฐ ๐–ฆฐ ๐–ฆฐ ๐–ฆฐ ๐–ฆฐ ndiaส”
๐–ฅบ ๐–ฅบ ๐–ฅบ ๐–ฅบ ๐–ฅบ kuษ”p ๐–ฆฑ ๐–ฆฑ ๐–ฆฑ ๐–ฆฑ ๐–ฆฑ pieส”
๐–ฅป ๐–ฅป ๐–ฅป ๐–ฅป ๐–ฅป lษ”m ๐–ฆฒ ๐–ฆฒ ๐–ฆฒ ๐–ฆฒ ๐–ฆฒ yรผส”
๐–ก ๐–ฅผ ๐–ฅผ ๐–ฅผ ๐–ฅผ nสƒie ๐–ฆณ ๐–ฆณ ๐–ฆณ ๐–ฆณ ๐–ฆณ lษฏษ™m
๐–ฅฝ ๐–ฅฝ ๐–ฅฝ ๐–ฅฝ ๐–ฅฝ ล‹gษ”p ๐–ฆด ๐–ฆด ๐–ฆด ๐–ฆด ๐–ฆด fรผ
๐–กŽ ๐–ฅพ ๐–ฅพ ๐–ฅพ ๐–ฅพ mษ™m ๐–ฆต ๐–ฆต ๐–ฆต ๐–ฆต ๐–ฆต gbษฏx
๐–ฅฟ ๐–ฅฟ ๐–ฅฟ ๐–ฅฟ ๐–ฅฟ ล‹kษฏx ๐–ฆถ ๐–ฆถ ๐–ฆถ ๐–ฆถ ๐–ฆถ ล‹kup
๐–ฆ€ ๐–ฆ€ ๐–ฆ€ ๐–ฆ€ ๐–ฆ€ ล‹ษ”ส” ๐–ฆท ๐–ฆท ๐–ฆท ๐–ฆท ๐–ฆท kษ›t
๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ nสƒรผ ๐–ฆธ ๐–ฆธ ๐–ฆธ ๐–ฆธ ๐–ฆธ mษ™
๐–ฆ‚ ๐–ฆ‚ ๐–ฆ‚ ๐–ฆ‚ ๐–ฆ‚ rimgba ๐–ฆน ๐–ฆน ๐–ฆน ๐–ฆน ล‹kaami
๐–ฃฅ ๐–ฃฅ ๐–ฃฅ ๐–ฆƒ ๐–ฆƒ nส’ษฏx ๐–ฆบ ๐–ฆบ ๐–ฆบ ๐–ฆบ ๐–ฆบ ษฃษ›t
๐–ข‹ ๐–ข‹ ๐–กฒ ๐–กฒ ๐–กฒ nsษ›n ๐–ฆป ๐–ฆป ๐–ฆป ๐–ฆป ๐–ฆป fa
๐–ฆ„ ๐–ฆ„ ๐–ฆ„ ๐–ฆ„ ๐–ฆ„ pem ๐–ฆผ ๐–ฆผ ๐–ฆผ ๐–ฆผ ๐–ฆผ ntum
๐–ฆ… ๐–ฆ… ๐–ฆ… ๐–ฆ… ๐–ฆ… saa ๐–ฆฝ ๐–ฆฝ ๐–ฆฝ ๐–ฆฝ ๐–ฆฝ pษฏt
๐–ฆ† ๐–ฆ† ๐–ฆ† ๐–ฆ† ๐–ฆ† ล‹gurษ™ ๐–ฆพ ๐–ฆพ ๐–ฆพ ๐–ฆพ ๐–ฆพ yษฏm
๐–ฆ‡ ๐–ฆ‡ ๐–ฆ‡ ๐–ฆ‡ ๐–ฆ‡ mgba ๐–ฆฟ ๐–ฆฟ ๐–ฆฟ ๐–ฆฟ ๐–ฆฟ ล‹gษฏษ™
๐–ฆˆ ๐–ฆˆ ๐–ฆˆ ๐–ฆˆ ๐–ฆˆ ษฃษฏx ๐–ง€ ๐–ง€ ๐–ง€ ๐–ง€ ๐–ง€ nyi
๐–ฆ‰ ๐–ฆ‰ ๐–ฆ‰ ๐–ฆ‰ ๐–ฆ‰ ล‹kษฏษ™m ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง nzuส”
๐–ฆŠ ๐–ฆŠ ๐–ฆŠ ๐–ฆŠ ๐–ฆŠ nส’ษ™mli ๐–ง‚ ๐–ง‚ ๐–ง‚ ๐–ง‚ ๐–ง‚ pษ”ษ”n
๐–ฆ‹ ๐–ฆ‹ ๐–ฆ‹ ๐–ฆ‹ ๐–ฆ‹ map ๐–ฃฆ ๐–ฃฆ ๐–ฃฆ ๐–งƒ ๐–งƒ mie
๐–ฆŒ ๐–ฆŒ ๐–ฆŒ ๐–ฆŒ ๐–ฆŒ lษ”ษ”t ๐–ง„ ๐–ง„ ๐–ง„ ๐–ง„ ๐–ง„ fรผt
๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ ล‹gee ๐–ง… ๐–ง… ๐–ง… ๐–ง… ๐–ง… nษ™
๐–ฆŽ ๐–ฆŽ ๐–ฆŽ ๐–ฆŽ ๐–ฆŽ ndiส” ๐–ฃง ๐–ฃง ๐–ฃง ๐–ง† ๐–ง† muษ™
๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ tษ™n ntษฏm ๐–ฅˆ ๐–ฅˆ ๐–ฅˆ ๐–ฅˆ ๐–ง‡ ษฃษฏษ™
๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ sษ›t ๐–งˆ ๐–งˆ ๐–งˆ ๐–งˆ ๐–งˆ fu i
๐–ฆ‘ ๐–ฆ‘ ๐–ฆ‘ ๐–ฆ‘ ๐–ฆ‘ pum ๐–ง‰ ๐–ง‰ ๐–ง‰ ๐–ง‰ ๐–ง‰ mvi
๐–ฆ’ ๐–ฆ’ ndaa ๐–งŠ ๐–งŠ ๐–งŠ ๐–งŠ ๐–งŠ puaส”
๐–ฆ“ ๐–ฆ“ ๐–ฆ“ ๐–ฆ“ ๐–ฆ“ ล‹guษ™สƒษ™ nyam ๐–ง‹ ๐–ง‹ ๐–ง‹ ล‹kum
๐–ฆ” ๐–ฆ” ๐–ฆ” ๐–ฆ” ๐–ฆ” yie ๐–งŒ ๐–งŒ ๐–งŒ ๐–งŒ kut
๐–ฆ• ๐–ฆ• ๐–ฆ• ๐–ฆ• ๐–ฆ• ษฃษฏn ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง piษ›t
๐–ฆ– ๐–ฆ– ๐–ฆ– ๐–ฆ– ๐–ฆ– tuษ™ ๐–งŽ ๐–งŽ ๐–งŽ ๐–งŽ ๐–งŽ ntap
๐–ฆ— ๐–ฆ— ๐–ฆ— ๐–ฆ— ๐–ฆ— yษฏษ™ ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง yษฏษ™t
๐–ฆ˜ ๐–ฆ˜ ๐–ฆ˜ ๐–ฆ˜ ๐–ฆ˜ pษ” ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง ล‹gup
๐–ฆ™ ๐–ฆ™ ๐–ฆ™ ๐–ฆ™ ๐–ฆ™ tumษ™ ๐–ง‘ ๐–ง‘ ๐–ง‘ ๐–ง‘ ๐–ง‘ pa
๐–ฆš ๐–ฆš ๐–ฆš ๐–ฆš ๐–ฆš kษฏษ™ ๐–ง’ fu
๐–ฆ› ๐–ฆ› ๐–ฆ› ๐–ฆ› suษ™n ๐–ง“ ๐–ง“ ๐–ง“ ๐–ง“ fษ”m
๐–ฆœ ๐–ฆœ ๐–ฆœ ๐–ฆœ ๐–ฆœ tษฏษ™ส” ๐–ง” nส’e
A B C D E Interpretation A B C D E Interpretation
Bamum characters found through Phase G
(phases Cโ€“E are often graphically simplified from the forms displayed here)
Phase Interpretation   Phase Interpretation
A B C D E F G A B C D E F G
๐–ง• ๐–ง• ๐–ง• ๐–ง• ๐–ง• ๐–ง‡ ๊š  a ๐–งช ๐–งช ๐–งช ๐–งช ๐–งช ๐–จก ๊›‰ wรผ
๊š ๊›ฐ ๊š ๊›ฐ a ๐–จก๊›ฐ ๊›‰๊›ฐ รผส”
๐–จƒ ๐–จƒ ๐–จƒ ๐–จƒ ๐–จƒ ๐–จƒ ๊šก ka ๐–ฅš ๐–ฅš ๐–ฅš ๐–ฅš ๐–จข ๐–จข ๊›Š pe
๐–ก ๐–จƒ๊›ฐ ๊šก๊›ฐ kaส” ๐–จข๊›ฐ ๊›Š๊›ฐ peส”
๐–จ„ ๐–จ„ ๐–จ„ ๐–จ„ ๐–จ„ ๐–จ„ ๊šข u ๐–งซ ๐–งซ ๐–งซ ๐–งซ ๐–งซ ๐–ฆ“ ๊›‹ fe
๐–จ„๊›ฐ ๊šข๊›ฐ wuส” ๐–ก’ ๐–งฌ ๐–งฌ ๐–งฌ ๐–งฌ ve
๐–ฅ‰ ๐–ฅ‰ ๐–ฅ‰ ๐–ฅ‰ ๐–จ… ๐–จ… ๊šฃ ku ๐–ฆ“๊›ฐ ๊›‹๊›ฐ feส”
๐–จ…๊›ฐ ๊šฃ๊›ฐ kuส”
๐–จ† ๐–จ† ๐–จ† ๐–จ† ๐–จ† ๐–จ† ๊šค e ๐–จฃ ๐–จฃ ๐–จฃ ๐–จฃ ๐–จฃ ๐–จฃ ๊›Œ ru
๐–จ†๊›ฐ ๊šค๊›ฐ eส” ๐–จฃ๊›ฐ ๊›Œ๊›ฐ ruส”
๐–จ‡ ๐–จ‡ ๐–จ‡ ๐–จ‡ ๐–จ‡ ๊šฅ re ๐–ก“ ๐–งญ ๐–งญ ๐–งญ ๐–งญ ๐–ง‚? ๊› lu
๐–ฅŠ ๐–ฅŠ ๐–ฅŠ ๐–ฅŠ ๐–จ‡๊›ฐ ๊šฅ๊›ฐ rษ›n ๊›๊›ฐ ๊›๊›ฐ luส”
๐–ฅ‹ ๐–ฅ‹ ๐–ฅ‹ ๐–ฅ‹ ๐–จˆ ๊šฆ tษ™ ๐–งฎ ๐–งฎ ๐–งฎ ๐–งฎ ๐–งฎ ๊›Ž ๊›Ž mi
๐–ฅŒ ๐–ฅŒ ๐–ฅŒ ๐–ฅŒ ๐–ง– ๐–จˆ๊›ฐ ๊šฆ๊›ฐ tษ”ส” ๊›Ž๊›ฐ ๊›Ž๊›ฐ miส”
๐–ง— ๐–ง— ๐–ง— ๐–ง— ๐–ง— ๐–ฆ‘ ๊šง ษ” ๐–ฅ› ๐–ฅ› ๐–ฅ› ๐–ฅ› ๐–จค ๐–จค ๊› n'i
๐–ฆ‘๊›ฐ ๊šง๊›ฐ ษ”ส” ๐–ก” ๐–จค๊›ฐ ๊›๊›ฐ nษ›n
๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ ๐–ง€ ๐–จ‰ ๊šจ nyi ๐–งฏ ๐–งฏ ๐–งฏ ๐–งฏ ๐–งฏ ๐–จฅ ๊› rษฏx
๐–จ‰๊›ฐ ๊šจ๊›ฐ nye ๐–จฅ๊›ฐ ๊›๊›ฐ rษฏส”
๐–ง˜ ๐–ง˜ ๐–ง˜ ๐–ง˜ ๐–ง˜ ๐–ฅฆ ๊šฉ i ๐–งฐ ๐–งฐ ๐–งฐ ๐–งฐ ๐–งฐ ๐–ฅฑ ๊›‘ rษ™
๐–ฅฆ๊›ฐ ๊šฉ๊›ฐ iส” ๐–ฅฑ๊›ฐ ๊›‘๊›ฐ rษ”
๐–จŠ ๊šช la ๐–ฃฉ ๐–ฃฉ ๐–ฃฉ ๐–จฆ ๐–จฆ ๐–จฆ ๊›’ kษ›n
๐–ง™ ๐–ง™ ๐–ง™ ๐–ง™ ๐–ง™ ๐–จŠ๊›ฐ ๊šช๊›ฐ laส” ๐–ฃช ๐–ฃช ๐–ฃช ๐–จฆ๊›ฐ ๊›’๊›ฐ kษ›n (with high tone)
๐–งš ๐–งš ๐–งš ๐–งš ๐–งš ๐–ฅฏ ๊šซ pa ๐–จง ๐–จง ๐–จง ๐–จง ๊›“ ล‹kwษ™n
๐–ฅฏ๊›ฐ ๊šซ๊›ฐ paส” ๐–งฑ ๐–งฑ ๐–งฑ ๐–งฑ ๐–งฑ ๐–จง๊›ฐ ๊›“๊›ฐ ล‹uษ™t
๐–ฅŽ ๐–ฅŽ ๐–ฅŽ ๐–ฅŽ ๐–จ‹ ๐–จ‹ ๊šฌ rii ๐–จจ ๐–จจ ๐–จจ ๐–จจ ๐–จจ ๐–จจ ๊›” ล‹ga
๐–จ‹๊›ฐ ๊šฌ๊›ฐ riส” ๐–จจ๊›ฐ ๊›”๊›ฐ ล‹gaส”
๐–จŒ ๐–จŒ ๐–จŒ ๐–จŒ ๐–จŒ ๐–จŒ ๊šญ rie ๐–งฒ ๐–งฒ ๐–งฒ ๐–งฒ ๐–งฒ ๐–ฅฎ ๊›• ล‹a
๐–จŒ๊›ฐ ๊šญ๊›ฐ z ๐–ฃซ ๐–ฃซ ๐–ฃซ ๐–ฅฎ๊›ฐ ๊›•๊›ฐ ล‹aส”
๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ ๐–คฐ ๐–คฐ ๊šฎ lee ๐–งณ ๐–งณ ๐–งณ ๐–จฉ ๊›– สƒษ”
๐–คฐ๊›ฐ ๊šฎ๊›ฐ leส” ๐–ฅœ ๐–ฅœ ๐–ฅœ ๐–ฅœ ๐–งด ๐–จฉ๊›ฐ ๊›–๊›ฐ สƒษ”ส”
๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ ๐–จ ๐–จ ๊šฏ mee ๐–จช ๐–จช ๐–จช ๐–จช ๐–จช ๐–จช ๊›— puษ™
๐–ฅ ๐–จ๊›ฐ ๊šฏ๊›ฐ meส” ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ ๐–ฆ  ๐–จช๊›ฐ ๊›—๊›ฐ puส”
๐–ง› ๐–ง› ๐–ง› ๐–ง› ๐–ง› ๐–จŽ ๊šฐ taa ๐–งต ๐–งต ๐–งต ๐–งต ๐–งต ๐–ง’ ๊›˜ fu
๐–งœ ๐–งœ ๐–งœ ๐–งœ ๐–งœ ๐–จŽ๊›ฐ ๊šฐ๊›ฐ taส” ๐–ง’๊›ฐ ๊›˜๊›ฐ fuส”
๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–ง ๐–จ ๊šฑ ndaa ๐–จซ ๐–จซ ๊›™ fษ”m
๐–จ๊›ฐ ๊šฑ๊›ฐ ndaส” ๐–ฅž ๐–ฅž ๐–ฅž ๐–ฅž ๐–จซ๊›ฐ ๊›™๊›ฐ mvษ”p
๐–จ ๐–จ ๐–จ ๐–จ ๐–จ ๐–จ ๊šฒ nส’ษ™m ๐–จฌ ๐–จฌ ๐–จฌ ๐–จฌ ๐–จฌ ๊›š wa
๐–จ๊›ฐ ๊šฒ๊›ฐ yษ™m ๐–จฌ๊›ฐ ๊›š๊›ฐ waส”
๐–ฅ‘ ๐–ฅ‘ ๐–ฅ‘ ๐–ฅ‘ ๐–จ‘ ๐–จ‘ ๊šณ m ๐–งถ ๐–งถ ๐–งถ ๐–งถ ๐–งถ ๐–ฅญ ๊›› na
๐–จ‘ ๊šณ๊›ฐ n ๐–ก• ๐–ฃฌ ๐–ฃฌ ๊››๊›ฐ ๊››๊›ฐ naส”
๐–ฅ’ ๐–ฅ’ ๐–ฅ’ ๐–ฅ’ ๐–จ’ ๐–จ’ ๊šด suu ๐–จญ ๐–จญ ๐–จญ ๐–จญ ๐–จญ ๐–จญ ๊›œ li
๐–จ’๊›ฐ ๊šด๊›ฐ suส” ๐–ฃญ ๐–ฃญ ๐–ฃญ ๐–จญ๊›ฐ ๊›œ๊›ฐ liส”
๐–ฅ“ ๐–ฅ“ ๐–ฅ“ ๐–ฅ“ ๐–คฑ ๐–คฑ ๊šต mu ๐–งท ๐–งท ๐–งท ๐–งท ๐–งท ๐–งก ๊› pi
๐–คฑ๊›ฐ ๊šต๊›ฐ muส” ๐–ฃฎ ๐–ฃฎ ๐–ฃฎ ๐–งก๊›ฐ ๊›๊›ฐ pin
๐–ฅ” ๐–ฅ” ๐–ฅ” ๐–ฅ” ๐–จ“ ๐–จ“ ๊šถ สƒii ๐–ฅŸ ๐–ฅŸ ๐–ฅŸ ๐–ฅŸ ๐–จฎ ๐–จฎ ๊›ž lษ”ส”
๐–ฃจ ๐–ฃจ ๐–ฃจ ๐–งž ๐–งž ๐–จ“๊›ฐ ๊šถ๊›ฐ สƒiส” ๐–งธ ๐–งธ ๐–งธ ๐–งธ ๐–งธ ๐–จฎ๊›ฐ ๊›ž๊›ฐ lษ”ส”
๐–จ” ๐–จ” ๐–จ” ๐–จ” ๐–จ” ๐–จ” ๊šท si ๐–งน ๐–งน ๐–งน ๐–งน ๐–จฏ ๊›Ÿ kษ”
๐–จ”๊›ฐ ๊šท๊›ฐ siส” ๐–จฏ๊›ฐ ๊›Ÿ๊›ฐ kษ”ส”
๐–ฅ• ๐–ฅ• ๐–ฅ• ๐–ฅ• ๐–ง ๊šธ สƒษฏx ๐–จฐ ๐–จฐ ๐–จฐ ๐–จฐ ๐–จฐ ๐–จฐ ๊›  mbษ›n
๐–งŸ ๐–งŸ ๐–งŸ ๐–งŸ ๐–งŸ ๊šธ๊›ฐ ๊šธ๊›ฐ yษฏx ๐–ฃฏ ๐–ฃฏ ๐–ฃ— ๐–จฐ๊›ฐ ๊› ๊›ฐ pษ›n
๐–จ• ๐–จ• ๐–จ• ๐–จ• ๐–จ• ๐–จ• ๊šน sษฏx ๐–ฅ  ๐–ฅ  ๐–ฅ  ๐–ฅ  ๐–จฑ ๐–จฑ ๊›ก rษ›n
๐–จ•๊›ฐ ๊šน๊›ฐ sษฏส” ๐–จฑ๊›ฐ ๊›ก๊›ฐ rษ›n
๐–ฅ– ๐–ฅ– ๐–ฅ– ๐–ฅ– ๐–จ– ๐–จ– ๊šบ kye ๐–งบ ๐–งบ ๐–งบ ๐–งบ ๐–งบ ๐–ฅฉ ๊›ข mษ›n
๐–จ–๊›ฐ ๊šบ๊›ฐ kyeส” ๐–ฅฉ๊›ฐ ๊›ข๊›ฐ mษ›n
๐–จ— ๐–จ— ๐–จ— ๐–จ— ๐–จ— ๐–จ— ๊šป kษ›t ๐–ขŒ ๐–งป ๐–งป ๐–งป ๐–จฒ ๊›ฃ ma
๐–จ—๊›ฐ ๊šป๊›ฐ keส” ๐–งผ ๐–งผ ๐–งผ ๐–งผ ๐–งผ ๐–จฒ๊›ฐ ๊›ฃ๊›ฐ maส”
๐–จ˜ ๐–จ˜ ๐–จ˜ ๐–จ˜ ๐–จ˜ ๐–จ˜ ๊šผ nuษ™ ๐–ฅก ๐–ฅก ๐–ฅก ๐–ฅก ๐–ฃป ๐–ฃป ๊›ค ti
๐–ง  ๐–ง  ๐–ง  ๐–ง  ๐–ง  ๐–จ˜๊›ฐ ๊šผ๊›ฐ ล‹uษ™ ๐–งฝ ๐–งฝ ๐–งฝ ๐–งฝ ๐–งฝ ๐–ฃป๊›ฐ ๊›ค๊›ฐ tษฏ
๐–ฅ— ๐–ฅ— ๐–ฅ— ๐–จ™ ๐–จ™ ๊šฝ nu ๐–งพ ๐–งพ ๐–งพ ๐–งพ ๐–งพ ๊›ฅ ๊›ฅ ki
๐–จ™ ๊šฝ๊›ฐ nuส” ๐–ข ๐–ข ๊›ฅ๊›ฐ ๊›ฅ๊›ฐ kiส”
๐–จš ๐–จš ๐–จš ๐–จš ๐–จš ๐–จš ๊šพ nส’uษ™ ๐–จณ ๐–จณ ๐–จณ ๐–จณ ๐–จณ ๐–จณ ๊›ฆ mษ”
๐–งก ๐–งก ๐–งก ๐–งก ๐–งก ๐–จš๊›ฐ ๊šพ๊›ฐ yuษ™n ๐–งฟ ๐–งฟ ๐–งฟ ๐–จณ๊›ฐ ๊›ฆ๊›ฐ mษ”n
๐–งข ๐–งข ๐–งข ๐–งข ๐–จ› ๊šฟ yษ”ส” ("swimming") ๐–จด ๐–จด ๐–จด ๐–จด ๐–จด ๐–จด ๊›ง mbaa
๐–งฃ ๐–งฃ ๐–งฃ ๐–งฃ ๐–งฃ ๐–จ›๊›ฐ ๊šฟ๊›ฐ yษ”ส” ("cover") ๐–ก– ๐–จด๊›ฐ ๊›ง๊›ฐ mbaส”
๐–ฅ˜ ๐–ฅ˜ ๐–ฅ˜ ๐–ฅ˜ ๐–จœ ๐–จœ ๊›€ สƒu ๐–จต ๐–จต ๐–จต ๐–จต ๐–จต ๐–จต ๊›จ tษ›t
๐–จœ๊›ฐ ๊›€๊›ฐ สƒuส” ๐–ฃฐ ๐–ฃฐ ๐–จต๊›ฐ ๊›จ๊›ฐ tษ›t (with high tone)
๐–งค ๐–งค ๐–งค ๐–งค ๐–งค ๊› ๊› yuส” ๐–จถ ๐–จถ ๐–จถ ๐–จถ ๐–จถ ๐–จถ ๊›ฉ kpa
๐–งฅ ๐–งฅ ๐–งฅ ๐–งฅ ๐–งฅ ๊›๊›ฐ ๊›๊›ฐ yun ๐–จถ๊›ฐ ๊›ฉ๊›ฐ ล‹ma
๐–จ ๐–จ ๐–จ ๐–จ ๐–จ ๐–จ ๊›‚ ya ๐–จ€ ๐–จ€ ๐–จ€ ๐–จ€ ๐–จ€ ๐–ฆจ ๊›ช tษ›n
๐–จ๊›ฐ ๊›‚๊›ฐ yaส” ๐–ฆจ๊›ฐ ๊›ช๊›ฐ tษ›n
๐–ก‘ ๐–จž ๐–จž ๐–จž ๐–จž ๐–จž ๊›ƒ nสƒa ๐–ฅข ๐–ฅข ๐–ฅข ๐–ฅข ๐–ฅฃ ๐–ฅฃ ๊›ซ ntuu
๐–จž๊›ฐ ๊›ƒ๊›ฐ สƒaส” ๐–ฅฃ๊›ฐ ๊›ซ๊›ฐ tuส”
๐–งฆ ๐–งฆ ๐–งฆ ๐–งฆ ๐–งณ ๊›„ kษฏx ๐–ฆ…๐–ฅฃ ๐–ฆ…๐–ฅฃ ๐–ฆ…๐–ฅฃ ๐–ฆ…๐–ฅฃ ๐–จท ๐–จท ๊›ฌ samba
๐–งณ๊›ฐ ๊›„๊›ฐ ษฃษฏ ๐–ฅค ๐–ฅค ๐–ฅค ๐–ฅค ๐–จท๊›ฐ ๊›ฌ๊›ฐ saส”
๐–งง ๐–งง ๐–งง ๐–งง ๐–งง ๐–จŸ ๊›… pษฏx ๐–ฅฅ๐–ฆธ ๐–ฅฅ๐–ฆธ ๐–ฅฅ๐–ฆธ ๐–ฅฅ๐–ฆธ ๊›ญ ๐–คฉ ๊›ญ faamษ™
๐–จŸ๊›ฐ ๊›…๊›ฐ pษฏส” ๐–จ ๐–จ ๐–จ ๐–จ ๐–จ ๐–คฉ๊›ฐ ๊›ญ๊›ฐ faส”
๐–งจ ๐–งจ ๐–งจ ๐–งจ ๐–งจ ๐–ง” ๊›† nส’e ๐–งน๐–จธ ๐–งน๐–จธ ๐–งน๐–จธ ๐–งน๐–จธ ๐–จธ ๐–จธ ๊›ฎ kษ”vรผ
๐–ง”๊›ฐ ๊›†๊›ฐ nส’eส” ๐–จธ๊›ฐ ๊›ฎ๊›ฐ fรผ
๐–ฅ™ ๐–ฅ™ ๐–ฅ™ ๐–ฅ™ ๐–จ  ๐–จ  ๊›‡ nte ๐–งน๐–จ‚ ๐–งน๐–จ‚ ๐–งน๐–จ‚ ๐–งน๐–จ‚ ๐–จ‚ ๐–งพ ๊›ฏ ษฃษ”m
๐–จ ๊›ฐ ๊›‡๊›ฐ teส” ๐–ขŽ ๐–ขŽ ๐–งพ๊›ฐ ๊›ฏ๊›ฐ ล‹gษ”m
๐–งฉ ๐–งฉ ๐–งฉ ๐–งฉ ๐–งฉ ๐–ฅฐ ๊›ˆ pรผ
๐–ฅฐ๊›ฐ ๊›ˆ๊›ฐ pรผส”
A B C D E F G Interpretation A B C D E F G Interpretation

Unicode

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Main articles: Bamum (Unicode block) and Bamum Supplement (Unicode block)

Bamum's 88 characters were added to the Unicode standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2. Bamum Unicode character names are based on the International Phonetic Alphabet forms given in Lโ€™รฉcriture des Bamum (1950) by Idelette Dugast and M.D.W. Jeffreys:[7]

Usage Letters
Dugast & Jeffreys a b d ษ› e ว f ษฃ g i k l m n ล‹ ษ”
Unicode name A B D EE EA E F GH G I K L M N NG O
French a b d รจ รฉ e f gh g i k l m n ng o
Dugast & Jeffreys p r s สƒ t u รผ ษฏ v w x y z ส’ ส”
Unicode name P R S SH T U UE EU V W X Y Z J Q
French p r s sh t u รผ รน v w x y z j โ€™

The Unicode block for Bamum is U+A6A0โ€“U+A6FF:

Bamum[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+A6Ax ๊š  ๊šก ๊šข ๊šฃ ๊šค ๊šฅ ๊šฆ ๊šง ๊šจ ๊šฉ ๊šช ๊šซ ๊šฌ ๊šญ ๊šฎ ๊šฏ
U+A6Bx ๊šฐ ๊šฑ ๊šฒ ๊šณ ๊šด ๊šต ๊šถ ๊šท ๊šธ ๊šน ๊šบ ๊šป ๊šผ ๊šฝ ๊šพ ๊šฟ
U+A6Cx ๊›€ ๊› ๊›‚ ๊›ƒ ๊›„ ๊›… ๊›† ๊›‡ ๊›ˆ ๊›‰ ๊›Š ๊›‹ ๊›Œ ๊› ๊›Ž ๊›
U+A6Dx ๊› ๊›‘ ๊›’ ๊›“ ๊›” ๊›• ๊›– ๊›— ๊›˜ ๊›™ ๊›š ๊›› ๊›œ ๊› ๊›ž ๊›Ÿ
U+A6Ex ๊›  ๊›ก ๊›ข ๊›ฃ ๊›ค ๊›ฅ ๊›ฆ ๊›ง ๊›จ ๊›ฉ ๊›ช ๊›ซ ๊›ฌ ๊›ญ ๊›ฎ ๊›ฏ
U+A6Fx ๊›ฐ ๊›ฑ ๊›ฒ ๊›ณ ๊›ด ๊›ต ๊›ถ ๊›ท
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

Historical stages of Bamum script were added to Unicode in October, 2010 with the release of version 6.0. These are encoded in the Bamum Supplement block as U+16800โ€“U+16A3F. The various stages of script development are dubbed "Phase-A" to "Phase-E". The character names note the last phase in which they appear. For example, U+168EE ๐–ฃฎ BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C PIN is attested through Phase C but not in Phase D.

Bamum Supplement[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1680x ๐– € ๐–  ๐– ‚ ๐– ƒ ๐– „ ๐– … ๐– † ๐– ‡ ๐– ˆ ๐– ‰ ๐– Š ๐– ‹ ๐– Œ ๐–  ๐– Ž ๐– 
U+1681x ๐–  ๐– ‘ ๐– ’ ๐– “ ๐– ” ๐– • ๐– – ๐– — ๐– ˜ ๐– ™ ๐– š ๐– › ๐– œ ๐–  ๐– ž ๐– Ÿ
U+1682x ๐–   ๐– ก ๐– ข ๐– ฃ ๐– ค ๐– ฅ ๐– ฆ ๐– ง ๐– จ ๐– ฉ ๐– ช ๐– ซ ๐– ฌ ๐– ญ ๐– ฎ ๐– ฏ
U+1683x ๐– ฐ ๐– ฑ ๐– ฒ ๐– ณ ๐– ด ๐– ต ๐– ถ ๐– ท ๐– ธ ๐– น ๐– บ ๐– ป ๐– ผ ๐– ฝ ๐– พ ๐– ฟ
U+1684x ๐–ก€ ๐–ก ๐–ก‚ ๐–กƒ ๐–ก„ ๐–ก… ๐–ก† ๐–ก‡ ๐–กˆ ๐–ก‰ ๐–กŠ ๐–ก‹ ๐–กŒ ๐–ก ๐–กŽ ๐–ก
U+1685x ๐–ก ๐–ก‘ ๐–ก’ ๐–ก“ ๐–ก” ๐–ก• ๐–ก– ๐–ก— ๐–ก˜ ๐–ก™ ๐–กš ๐–ก› ๐–กœ ๐–ก ๐–กž ๐–กŸ
U+1686x ๐–ก  ๐–กก ๐–กข ๐–กฃ ๐–กค ๐–กฅ ๐–กฆ ๐–กง ๐–กจ ๐–กฉ ๐–กช ๐–กซ ๐–กฌ ๐–กญ ๐–กฎ ๐–กฏ
U+1687x ๐–กฐ ๐–กฑ ๐–กฒ ๐–กณ ๐–กด ๐–กต ๐–กถ ๐–กท ๐–กธ ๐–กน ๐–กบ ๐–กป ๐–กผ ๐–กฝ ๐–กพ ๐–กฟ
U+1688x ๐–ข€ ๐–ข ๐–ข‚ ๐–ขƒ ๐–ข„ ๐–ข… ๐–ข† ๐–ข‡ ๐–ขˆ ๐–ข‰ ๐–ขŠ ๐–ข‹ ๐–ขŒ ๐–ข ๐–ขŽ ๐–ข
U+1689x ๐–ข ๐–ข‘ ๐–ข’ ๐–ข“ ๐–ข” ๐–ข• ๐–ข– ๐–ข— ๐–ข˜ ๐–ข™ ๐–ขš ๐–ข› ๐–ขœ ๐–ข ๐–ขž ๐–ขŸ
U+168Ax ๐–ข  ๐–ขก ๐–ขข ๐–ขฃ ๐–ขค ๐–ขฅ ๐–ขฆ ๐–ขง ๐–ขจ ๐–ขฉ ๐–ขช ๐–ขซ ๐–ขฌ ๐–ขญ ๐–ขฎ ๐–ขฏ
U+168Bx ๐–ขฐ ๐–ขฑ ๐–ขฒ ๐–ขณ ๐–ขด ๐–ขต ๐–ขถ ๐–ขท ๐–ขธ ๐–ขน ๐–ขบ ๐–ขป ๐–ขผ ๐–ขฝ ๐–ขพ ๐–ขฟ
U+168Cx ๐–ฃ€ ๐–ฃ ๐–ฃ‚ ๐–ฃƒ ๐–ฃ„ ๐–ฃ… ๐–ฃ† ๐–ฃ‡ ๐–ฃˆ ๐–ฃ‰ ๐–ฃŠ ๐–ฃ‹ ๐–ฃŒ ๐–ฃ ๐–ฃŽ ๐–ฃ
U+168Dx ๐–ฃ ๐–ฃ‘ ๐–ฃ’ ๐–ฃ“ ๐–ฃ” ๐–ฃ• ๐–ฃ– ๐–ฃ— ๐–ฃ˜ ๐–ฃ™ ๐–ฃš ๐–ฃ› ๐–ฃœ ๐–ฃ ๐–ฃž ๐–ฃŸ
U+168Ex ๐–ฃ  ๐–ฃก ๐–ฃข ๐–ฃฃ ๐–ฃค ๐–ฃฅ ๐–ฃฆ ๐–ฃง ๐–ฃจ ๐–ฃฉ ๐–ฃช ๐–ฃซ ๐–ฃฌ ๐–ฃญ ๐–ฃฎ ๐–ฃฏ
U+168Fx ๐–ฃฐ ๐–ฃฑ ๐–ฃฒ ๐–ฃณ ๐–ฃด ๐–ฃต ๐–ฃถ ๐–ฃท ๐–ฃธ ๐–ฃน ๐–ฃบ ๐–ฃป ๐–ฃผ ๐–ฃฝ ๐–ฃพ ๐–ฃฟ
U+1690x ๐–ค€ ๐–ค ๐–ค‚ ๐–คƒ ๐–ค„ ๐–ค… ๐–ค† ๐–ค‡ ๐–คˆ ๐–ค‰ ๐–คŠ ๐–ค‹ ๐–คŒ ๐–ค ๐–คŽ ๐–ค
U+1691x ๐–ค ๐–ค‘ ๐–ค’ ๐–ค“ ๐–ค” ๐–ค• ๐–ค– ๐–ค— ๐–ค˜ ๐–ค™ ๐–คš ๐–ค› ๐–คœ ๐–ค ๐–คž ๐–คŸ
U+1692x ๐–ค  ๐–คก ๐–คข ๐–คฃ ๐–คค ๐–คฅ ๐–คฆ ๐–คง ๐–คจ ๐–คฉ ๐–คช ๐–คซ ๐–คฌ ๐–คญ ๐–คฎ ๐–คฏ
U+1693x ๐–คฐ ๐–คฑ ๐–คฒ ๐–คณ ๐–คด ๐–คต ๐–คถ ๐–คท ๐–คธ ๐–คน ๐–คบ ๐–คป ๐–คผ ๐–คฝ ๐–คพ ๐–คฟ
U+1694x ๐–ฅ€ ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ‚ ๐–ฅƒ ๐–ฅ„ ๐–ฅ… ๐–ฅ† ๐–ฅ‡ ๐–ฅˆ ๐–ฅ‰ ๐–ฅŠ ๐–ฅ‹ ๐–ฅŒ ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅŽ ๐–ฅ
U+1695x ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅ‘ ๐–ฅ’ ๐–ฅ“ ๐–ฅ” ๐–ฅ• ๐–ฅ– ๐–ฅ— ๐–ฅ˜ ๐–ฅ™ ๐–ฅš ๐–ฅ› ๐–ฅœ ๐–ฅ ๐–ฅž ๐–ฅŸ
U+1696x ๐–ฅ  ๐–ฅก ๐–ฅข ๐–ฅฃ ๐–ฅค ๐–ฅฅ ๐–ฅฆ ๐–ฅง ๐–ฅจ ๐–ฅฉ ๐–ฅช ๐–ฅซ ๐–ฅฌ ๐–ฅญ ๐–ฅฎ ๐–ฅฏ
U+1697x ๐–ฅฐ ๐–ฅฑ ๐–ฅฒ ๐–ฅณ ๐–ฅด ๐–ฅต ๐–ฅถ ๐–ฅท ๐–ฅธ ๐–ฅน ๐–ฅบ ๐–ฅป ๐–ฅผ ๐–ฅฝ ๐–ฅพ ๐–ฅฟ
U+1698x ๐–ฆ€ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ‚ ๐–ฆƒ ๐–ฆ„ ๐–ฆ… ๐–ฆ† ๐–ฆ‡ ๐–ฆˆ ๐–ฆ‰ ๐–ฆŠ ๐–ฆ‹ ๐–ฆŒ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆŽ ๐–ฆ
U+1699x ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆ‘ ๐–ฆ’ ๐–ฆ“ ๐–ฆ” ๐–ฆ• ๐–ฆ– ๐–ฆ— ๐–ฆ˜ ๐–ฆ™ ๐–ฆš ๐–ฆ› ๐–ฆœ ๐–ฆ ๐–ฆž ๐–ฆŸ
U+169Ax ๐–ฆ  ๐–ฆก ๐–ฆข ๐–ฆฃ ๐–ฆค ๐–ฆฅ ๐–ฆฆ ๐–ฆง ๐–ฆจ ๐–ฆฉ ๐–ฆช ๐–ฆซ ๐–ฆฌ ๐–ฆญ ๐–ฆฎ ๐–ฆฏ
U+169Bx ๐–ฆฐ ๐–ฆฑ ๐–ฆฒ ๐–ฆณ ๐–ฆด ๐–ฆต ๐–ฆถ ๐–ฆท ๐–ฆธ ๐–ฆน ๐–ฆบ ๐–ฆป ๐–ฆผ ๐–ฆฝ ๐–ฆพ ๐–ฆฟ
U+169Cx ๐–ง€ ๐–ง ๐–ง‚ ๐–งƒ ๐–ง„ ๐–ง… ๐–ง† ๐–ง‡ ๐–งˆ ๐–ง‰ ๐–งŠ ๐–ง‹ ๐–งŒ ๐–ง ๐–งŽ ๐–ง
U+169Dx ๐–ง ๐–ง‘ ๐–ง’ ๐–ง“ ๐–ง” ๐–ง• ๐–ง– ๐–ง— ๐–ง˜ ๐–ง™ ๐–งš ๐–ง› ๐–งœ ๐–ง ๐–งž ๐–งŸ
U+169Ex ๐–ง  ๐–งก ๐–งข ๐–งฃ ๐–งค ๐–งฅ ๐–งฆ ๐–งง ๐–งจ ๐–งฉ ๐–งช ๐–งซ ๐–งฌ ๐–งญ ๐–งฎ ๐–งฏ
U+169Fx ๐–งฐ ๐–งฑ ๐–งฒ ๐–งณ ๐–งด ๐–งต ๐–งถ ๐–งท ๐–งธ ๐–งน ๐–งบ ๐–งป ๐–งผ ๐–งฝ ๐–งพ ๐–งฟ
U+16A0x ๐–จ€ ๐–จ ๐–จ‚ ๐–จƒ ๐–จ„ ๐–จ… ๐–จ† ๐–จ‡ ๐–จˆ ๐–จ‰ ๐–จŠ ๐–จ‹ ๐–จŒ ๐–จ ๐–จŽ ๐–จ
U+16A1x ๐–จ ๐–จ‘ ๐–จ’ ๐–จ“ ๐–จ” ๐–จ• ๐–จ– ๐–จ— ๐–จ˜ ๐–จ™ ๐–จš ๐–จ› ๐–จœ ๐–จ ๐–จž ๐–จŸ
U+16A2x ๐–จ  ๐–จก ๐–จข ๐–จฃ ๐–จค ๐–จฅ ๐–จฆ ๐–จง ๐–จจ ๐–จฉ ๐–จช ๐–จซ ๐–จฌ ๐–จญ ๐–จฎ ๐–จฏ
U+16A3x ๐–จฐ ๐–จฑ ๐–จฒ ๐–จณ ๐–จด ๐–จต ๐–จถ ๐–จท ๐–จธ
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

Bamum Scripts and Archives Project

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The Bamum Scripts and Archives Project at the Bamum Palace is engaged in a variety of initiatives concerning the Bamum script, including collecting and photographing threatened documents, translating and in some cases hand-copying documents, creating a fully usable Bamum computer font for the inventory of documents, and creating a safe environment for the preservation and storage of documents.

In 2006, the Bamum Scripts and Archives Project embarked on a project to create the first usable Bamum computer font. In order to do this, the Project examined hundreds of important documents transcribed in the current and most widely employed variant of the Bamum script: A-ka-u-ku (after its first four characters). The goal of the project team was to identify the most prominent forms of the various Bamum characters, as there have been many different styles employed by literates over the years. In particular, the Project examined documents in the script known to have been written by the three most famous Bamum script literates: King Njoya and his colleagues, Nji Mama and Njoya Ibrahimou (younger brother of Nji Mama, also a well known Bamum artist).

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Bamum script and archives project: saving Africa's written heritage". Endangered Archives Programme. 2008-11-28. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
  2. ^ Riley, Charles. "Report on work with the Bamum script in Cameroon" (PDF).
  3. ^ The History of cartography. Harley, J. B. (John Brian), Woodward, David, 1942โ€“2004, Monmonier, Mark S. University of Chicago Press. 1987โ€“2015. p. 42. ISBN 9780226907284. OCLC 13456456.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  4. ^ The End of King Njoya and the Bamum Script
  5. ^ Unseth, Peter. 2011. Invention of Scripts in West Africa for Ethnic Revitalization. In The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts, ed. by Joshua A. Fishman and Ofelia Garcรญa, pp. 23-32. New York: Oxford University Press.
  6. ^ a b Riley, Charles (2007-01-19). "L2/07-023: Towards the Encoding of the Bamum Script in the UCS" (PDF).
  7. ^ a b c d e Everson, Michael; Riley, Charles; Tuchscherer, Konrad (2008-10-14). "L2/08-350: Proposal to encode modern Bamum in the BMP" (PDF).
  8. ^ "Chapter 19: Africa, Bamum" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 10.0. Mountain View, California: Unicode, Inc. July 2017. ISBN 978-1-936213-16-0.
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