[Java][flight-sql-jdbc] Expose app_metadata for FlightInfo through JDBC interfaces

[aiguofer]

Describe the enhancement requested

As a follow up to #38022, we'll want to add a way to expose the metadata through the JDBC interface implementations. The FlightInfo metadata could be exposed in the following classes:

• PreparedStatement
• ResultSet
• ResultSetMetaData

Component(s)

Java