Problem solving with python programming OOP's Concept

School of Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence
Bura Vijay Kumar
Assistant Professor,
Email : b.vijaykumar@sru.edu.in
2

Course
PROBLEM SOLVING USING PYTHON
PROGRAMMING
3

Overview
Object-Oriented Programming:
Introduction to Object Oriented Programming;
Class
Object
Encapsulation;
Inheritance;
Polymorphism
Abstraction

Object Oriented Programming :
● Object Oriented Programming can be defined as a programming model which is based
upon the concept of objects.
● Objects contain data in the form of attributes and code in the form of methods. In object
oriented programming, computer programs are designed using the concept of objects that
interact with real world.
● Languages used in Object Oriented Programming:
Java, C++, C#, Python, PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl, Objective-C, Dart, Swift, Scala.

Advantages of Object Oriented Programming

Object Oriented Programming Concepts
● Procedural Vs Object Oriented

● It supports All OOP's concepts
● In java everything is Object which has some data and behavior.
○ Object
○ Class
○ Abstraction
○ Encapsulation
○ Inheritance
○ Polymorphism

Object:
● Object is an Real world Entity
● Instance of a class is called an Object.
● It has properties (attributes)
● Task performed (operations)
Example:
Human
Attributes/Properties Tasks(Operations)
Name walk()
Color run()
Height read()
Etc.. Etc..

Class:
● Class is a blue print that object follows
● A Class consist of ‘N’ Number of Object.
● Class is a collection of objects and there attributes, operations and there
relationships
Example:
Student
Variables/Properties Tasks(Operations)
Name read()
Roll No write()
DoJ play()
Etc.. Etc..

Class: Example

Abstraction
● Showing only essential parts, hiding the implementation details is
called Abstraction.
Example:
Google play Store
Android Applications
.apk files
.exe files

Encapsulation
● Binding Variables and Methods under single Entity
or
● Wrapping of data into Single Unit is called Encapsulation.
Example:

Inheritance
● Acquiring the properties of one class to another class is called
Inheritance.
Example:
Types of Inheritance:
 Single Inheritance
 Multiple Inheritance
 Multi-level Inheritance
 Hierarchical Inheritance

Polymorphism
● Performing same task in different ways is called Polymorphism.
● The ability of an object to take many forms.
Example:
Polymorphism can be achieved by
● Method Overloading – Compile Time
● Method Overriding – Run Time

Python Classes and Objects
Python Classes/Objects
● Python is an object oriented programming language.
● Almost everything in Python is an object, with its properties and methods.
● A Class is like an object constructor, or a "blueprint" for creating objects.
Create a Class
● To create a class, use the keyword class:
Example:

Python Classes/Objects
Create Object
● Now we can use the class named MyClass to create objects:
Example 1:
● Create an object named p1, and print the value of x:
● Example 2:

The __init__() Function
● Use the __init__() function to assign values to object properties, or other operations
that are necessary to do when the object is being created.
● All classes have a function called __init__(), which is always executed when the class
is being initiated.
Example :
Note: The __init__() function is called automatically every time the class is being used to create a new object.

Object Methods
● Objects can also contain methods. Methods in objects are functions that belong to
the object.
● Let us create a method in the Person class:
Example
● Insert a function that prints a greeting, and execute it on the p1 object:

The self Parameter
● The self parameter is a reference to the current instance of the class, and is used to
access variables that belongs to the class.
● It does not have to be named self , you can call it whatever you like, but it has to be
the first parameter of any function in the class:
Example:
● Use the words my_object and abc instead of self :

Modify Object Properties
● You can modify properties on objects like this:
Example:

Delete Object Properties
● You can delete properties on objects by using the del keyword:
Example:
● Delete the age property from the p1 object:

The pass Statement
● class definitions cannot be empty, but if you for some reason have a class definition
with no content, put in the pass statement to avoid getting an error.

Python Inheritance
● Inheritance allows us to define a class that inherits all the methods and properties
from another class.
● Parent class is the class being inherited from, also called base class.
● Child class is the class that inherits from another class, also called derived class.

Python Inheritance
In Single Inheritance one class extends another class
(one class only).

Python Inheritance
● In Multilevel Inheritance, one class can inherit from a derived class.

Python Inheritance
● In Hierarchical Inheritance, one class is inherited by many sub classes.

Python Inheritance
● In Multiple Inheritance, one class extending more than one class.

Python Inheritance
Create a Parent Class
● Any class can be a parent class, so the syntax is the same as creating any other class:
Example
● Create a class named Person, with firstname and lastname properties, and
a printname method:

Python Inheritance
Create a Child Class
● To create a class that inherits the functionality from another class, send the parent
class as a parameter when creating the child class:
Example
● Create a class named Student, which will inherit the properties and methods from
the Person class:
class Student(Person):
pass
Note: Use the pass keyword when you do not want to add any other properties or
methods to the class.
● Now the Student class has the same properties and methods as the Person class.

Python Inheritance
Create a Child Class
Example
● Use the Student class to create an object, and then execute the printname method:

Python Inheritance
Use the super() Function
● Python also has a super() function that will make the child class inherit all the
methods and properties from its parent:
class Student(Person):
def __init__(self, fname, lname):
super().__init__(fname, lname)

What you learnt in
this session
Summary of the topic
Specific topics:
● Sub topic 1
● Sub topic 2

If any questions
Question 1
● Option 1
● Option 2
● Option 3
● Option 4
● Option 1
● Option 2
● Option 3
● Option 4
Question 2

Problem solving with python programming OOP's Concept

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